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1、ByGroup7Context&LanguageUnderstandingDefinitionTypesRulesContents目录DefinitionofContext1.Inanarrowsense,itreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappears.Thisisknownaslinguisticcontextwhichmaycoveraparagraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebook.2.Inabroad
2、sense,itincludesthephysicalsituationaswell.Thisiscalledextra-linguisticornon-linguisticcontext,whichembracesthepeople,time,place,andeventhewholeculturalbackground.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoes“discriminate”inparagraph1mean? A.distinguishB.showprejudiceC
3、.recognize“好人“TypesofContextTypesofcontextLinguisticcontextLexicalcontextGrammaticalcontextExtra-linguisticcontextLinguisticContextDefinition:itisthelinguisticenvironment,inwhichalinguisticunitisused.a.Lexicalcontext.Thiscontextreferstothewordsthatoccurtoge
4、therwiththewordinquestion.Themeaningofthewordisoftenaffectedanddefinedbytheneighboringwords.b.GrammaticalcontextInsomecases,themeaningsofawordmaybeinfluencedbythestructureinwhichitoccurs.Examplespaperawhitepapertoday'spaperexaminationpapergovernmentdocument
5、newspaperasetofquestionsusedasanexaminationVerb“become”Become+adj./n.“begintobe”Become+pron./n.“suit,befit”Become+of“happento,ofteninabadway“E.g.Shebecameverynervousabouttheresultoftheexam.E.g.Thissortofbehaviorhardlybecomesapersoninyourposition.E.g.Whatwil
6、lbecomeofyouifthecompanygoesbankrupt?Extra-linguisticcontextDefinition:itiscontextbeyondlanguagebutphysicalsituation,inwhichthepeople,time,place,andeventhewholeculturalbackground.Rulesofcontextinlanguageunderstanding3RulesEliminationofambiguityIndicationofr
7、eferentsProvisionofCluesforInferringWord-meaningAmbiguityoftenarisesduetopolysemyandhomonymy.Whenawordwithmultiplemeaningsisusedininadequatecontext,itcreatesambiguity.EliminationofAmbiguity:E.g.Heisahardbusinessman.hardworkingdifficultorDifficult→Heisahardb
8、usinessmantodealwith.Hardworking→Heisahardmaninhiswork.Revise:IndicationofReferentsEnglishhasalargenumberofwordssuchasnow/then,here/there,I/you,this/that,whichareoftenusedtoreferdirectlytopeople,time,p
