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1、Teachingaims:英语的词性及句子成份;预备知识点一:词类概述词类英语名称作用例词名词n.表示人或事物的名称man,dog,tree,book冠词art.用在名词前,起修饰或限定作用a,an,the代词pron.代替名词或数词I,you,that,this,some,afew数词num.表示数量或顺序one,two,first形容词adj.修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征red,beautiful,young,old副词adv.修饰动词、形容词或其它副词very,quickly,often,here动词v.表动作或状态
2、walk,run,study,be介词prep.用在名词、代词或数词前,表示和句中其它词的关系in,on,at,behind,from连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句and,but,if,or感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气oh,hello,hi,er词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。1名词noun2代词pronoun3形容词adjective4副词adverb5动词verb6数词numeral7冠词article8介词preposition9连词conjunction10感叹词i
3、nterjectionstudent;volunteer;departureyou;some;whohappy;political;admirablequickly;quite;outwardscut;encourage;benefitthree;first;dozena;an;theat;before;withand;although;whichoh;hello;please实词虚词连系动词(link-v.)助词(auxiliary)aux.*句子成分由词或词组充当英语的基本成分有七种:________________
4、________________________________________________________________________________________________________和_________________________主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement)。同位语英语的句子成分:一)主语:是一个句子所叙述的主题,Wallshaveea
5、rs.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.名词代词数词todo不定式doing动名词句子二)谓语由_
6、____________担任为简单谓语。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。说明主语所做的动作或状态.动词有着各种时态的变化..Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.一个动词/动词短语2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如:DoyouspeakEnglish?Theyareworkinginafield.He
7、hascaughtabadcold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。宾语宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyeste
8、rday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To: