英语词性及句子成分.ppt

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1、英语词性分类及用法一、词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。前面六类是实词：1、名词noun    n.student学生2、代词pronounpron.you你3、形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的4、副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地5、动词verbv.cut砍、割6、数词numeralnum.three三后面四类是虚词：7、冠词articleart.a一个8、介词prepositionprep.at在...9、连词conjunctionconj.and和10、感叹词interjec

2、tioninterj.oh哦英语句子成分（七类）一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)高中将学习：Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyE

3、nglish.Heisasleep.谓语最重要的是时态和语态。TomwassenttoBeijing.三、表语（predicative）跟在系动词后面的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)….很多词可以做表语Heisateacher.(名词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureis

4、onthewall.(介词短语)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.高中将学的表语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)三、宾语宾语分两类：动宾和介宾。跟在动词后面

5、的宾语叫动宾，跟在介词后面的宾语叫介宾。Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.以上是动宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Theyarelookingforadog.这两句是介宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.这两句是双宾语：间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)高中将学的宾语Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式

6、)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)四、宾补对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。特征：1、跟在宾语后面。2、补充说明宾语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)五、主补对主语的补充说明。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语（高考的重难点）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子

7、。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)高中将学的定语Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingw

8、ellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)