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页数:20页
时间:2020-03-19
《英语词性及句子成分.ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、英语词性分类及用法一、词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。前面六类是实词:1、名词noun n.student学生2、代词pronounpron.you你3、形容词adjectiveadj.happy高兴的4、副词adverbadv.quickly迅速地5、动词verbv.cut砍、割6、数词numeralnum.three三后面四类是虚词:7、冠词articleart.a一个8、介词prepositionprep.at在...9、连词conjunctionconj.and和10、感叹词interjec
2、tioninterj.oh哦英语句子成分(七类)一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)高中将学习:Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyE
3、nglish.Heisasleep.谓语最重要的是时态和语态。TomwassenttoBeijing.三、表语(predicative)跟在系动词后面的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)….很多词可以做表语Heisateacher.(名词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureis
4、onthewall.(介词短语)Itsoundsagoodidea.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.高中将学的表语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)三、宾语宾语分两类:动宾和介宾。跟在动词后面
5、的宾语叫动宾,跟在介词后面的宾语叫介宾。Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.以上是动宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Theyarelookingforadog.这两句是介宾Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.这两句是双宾语:间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)高中将学的宾语Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式
6、)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)四、宾补对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。特征:1、跟在宾语后面。2、补充说明宾语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)五、主补对主语的补充说明。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.六、定语(高考的重难点)修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子
7、。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)高中将学的定语Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingw
8、ellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
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