资源描述：
《采矿地的生态恢复技术.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、应用生态学报2002年11月第13卷第11期CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,Nov.2002,13(11)∶1471～14773采矿地的生态恢复技术1332夏汉平蔡锡安12(中国科学院华南植物研究所生态中心,广州510650;云南农业大学农学院,昆明650201)【摘要】矿藏开采给生态环境带来严重破坏.矿地与尾矿的自然恢复是相当缓慢的,有些甚至是不大可能自然恢复的.本文总结了在过去20年全球发展起来的各种生态恢复技术措施,包括基质的改良,优良物种的选择等,并总结出一套人工恢复的一般步骤,分析了目前所存在的评判人工生态恢复成功与否的几种评价体系的优劣.关键词矿地尾
2、矿生态恢复植物修复退化生态系统文章编号1001-9332(2002)11-1471-07中图分类号X171.5文献标识码A121Ecologicalrestorationtechnologiesforminedlands:Areview.XIAHanping,CAIXi’an(SouthChinaInsti22tuteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Guangzhou510650;SchoolofAgronomy,YunnanAgricultur2alUniversity,Kunming650201).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2002,13(
3、11):1471～1477.Miningactivitiesusuallycausecatastrophicandextensiveenvironmentalchanges,andeventuallycausemajordamagestothewholeecosystem.Thenaturalrestorationforminelandsandtailingsisaveryslowprocess,andevencanhardlyreachtheiroriginalstates.Therefore,howtodeveloprapidandefficientapproachestoacceler
4、aterestorationofminedlandshasbeenhighlightedbyrestorationistsandenvironmentalengineersduringthepasttwodecades.Almostallstudiesinthisfieldindicatethatthemajorproblemscomefromsoils:suchashighmetalconcentrations,extremelystrongacidityresultingfromoxidationofpyrite,andpoorfertility.Replacementoftopsoil
5、isthereforeregardedasthemostefficientmethodtoalleviateadverseconditionsofsubstrates;ifthismethodisnotavailable,otheralternativeswithlime,fertilizers,organicmanures,garbage,miningwastes,andotherswillbeapplicable.Intheaspectofusingplants,specieswithstrongresistanceandrapidgrowth,likegrassesandherbace
6、ouslegume,arealwaysthefirstchoice.Ifutilizingplantsforthepurposeofphytoreme2diation,speciesthatarecapableofaccumulatingexceptionallyhighconcentrationsofphytotoxicmetalsandofcourse,haveahugebiomass,arepreferablyconsidered.Nomatterwhattypeofecosystemaminedlandisre2storedorreclaimedto,anevaluationonwh
7、etheritisasuccessfulrestorationorreclamationshouldbegiven.However,morepractical,simple,anduniversalevaluationmethodsaswellasmorecost2effective,andoperation2easyrestorationtechniquesarestillwaitingtobedevelo
