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1、应用生态学报 2002年11月 第13卷 第11期 CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,Nov.2002,13(11)∶1471～14773采矿地的生态恢复技术1332夏汉平 蔡锡安12(中国科学院华南植物研究所生态中心,广州510650;云南农业大学农学院,昆明650201)【摘要】 矿藏开采给生态环境带来严重破坏.矿地与尾矿的自然恢复是相当缓慢的,有些甚至是不大可能自然恢复的.本文总结了在过去20年全球发展起来的各种生态恢复技术措
2、施,包括基质的改良,优良物种的选择等,并总结出一套人工恢复的一般步骤,分析了目前所存在的评判人工生态恢复成功与否的几种评价体系的优劣.关键词 矿地 尾矿 生态恢复 植物修复 退化生态系统文章编号1001-9332(2002)11-1471-07中图分类号X171.5文献标识码 A121Ecologicalrestorationtechnologiesforminedlands:Areview.XIAHanping,CAIXi’an(SouthChinaInsti22tuteofBotany,ChineseAcade
3、myofSciences,Guangzhou510650;SchoolofAgronomy,YunnanAgricultur2alUniversity,Kunming650201).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2002,13(11):1471～1477.Miningactivitiesusuallycausecatastrophicandextensiveenvironmentalchanges,andeventuallycausemajordamagestothewholeecosystem.Thena
4、turalrestorationforminelandsandtailingsisaveryslowprocess,andevencanhardlyreachtheiroriginalstates.Therefore,howtodeveloprapidandefficientapproachestoacceleraterestorationofminedlandshasbeenhighlightedbyrestorationistsandenvironmentalengineersduringthepasttwod
5、ecades.Almostallstudiesinthisfieldindicatethatthemajorproblemscomefromsoils:suchashighmetalconcentrations,extremelystrongacidityresultingfromoxidationofpyrite,andpoorfertility.Replacementoftopsoilisthereforeregardedasthemostefficientmethodtoalleviateadversecon
6、ditionsofsubstrates;ifthismethodisnotavailable,otheralternativeswithlime,fertilizers,organicmanures,garbage,miningwastes,andotherswillbeapplicable.Intheaspectofusingplants,specieswithstrongresistanceandrapidgrowth,likegrassesandherbaceouslegume,arealwaysthefir
7、stchoice.Ifutilizingplantsforthepurposeofphytoreme2diation,speciesthatarecapableofaccumulatingexceptionallyhighconcentrationsofphytotoxicmetalsandofcourse,haveahugebiomass,arepreferablyconsidered.Nomatterwhattypeofecosystemaminedlandisre2storedorreclaimedto,an
8、evaluationonwhetheritisasuccessfulrestorationorreclamationshouldbegiven.However,morepractical,simple,anduniversalevaluationmethodsaswellasmorecost2effective,andoperation2easyrestor
