2017年四六级阅读作文.doc

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1、2017年12月四级阅读（第一套）PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effext.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhe

2、rcolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewasthatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirds

3、anddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators（捕食者）.Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDe

4、partmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivitypftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslon

5、gtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres（半球）oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousidthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaket

6、oprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps（蜂鸣声）ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardi

7、nastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.    C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)What

8、roleithasplayedinevolution.    D)Inwhatwayitcan