英语文献综述.doc

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1、LiteratureReviewReadingcomprehensionhasbeendefinedasHbuildingbridesbetweenthenewandtheknown11(PearsonandJohnsonJ987).Itimpliesthatefficientcomprehensionrequirestheabilitytorelatetextualmaterialstoone'sbackgroundknowledge.Comprehensionsimplycannottakeplacewhennothingisalready"know

2、n"becausethenthereisnothingtowhichthereadercanlinkthe"new".Researchinnative(English)andnonnative(EFL)readingcomprehensionhasshownthattheabilitytounderstandtextsisbasednotonlyonthecomprehende^slinguisticknowledge,butalsoongeneralknowledgeoftheworldandextenttowhichthatknowledgeisac

3、tivatedduringprocessing.AccordingtoSmith,meaningcamefromthe''reductionofuncertaintyH(l97l),whichcouldonlybeachievedthroughthefunctioningofreadersbackknowledge.Oflanguageitselfaswellastheirworldknowledge,Rumelhartsuggestedclearlythatreadingwas"atonceaperceptualandacognitiveprocess

4、11.Goodman(1982)alsopointedoutthattotreatastheperceptionofaseriesofwordswasthesimplificationoftheprocess.Inhisopinion,readingwasa"psycholinguisticguessinggamen(1982),theextractionofmeaningcanonlybeobtainedthroughtheintegrationofinformationonthepagewithreaders'backgroundknowledge.

5、Barnettarguedwhatwasprintedonthepagewasnmorethanmeetstheeyen(1989).InChina,scholarshaverealizedtheimportanceofculturalknowledgeinfacilitatingreadingcomprehensionasearlyasin1980s.Forexample,Zhangli(1994)putforwardthatreadingprocesswasinfacttheprocessofactivatingthebackgroundknowle

6、dgeandintegratingwhatwasprintedonthepageintothebackgroundknowledge.Qizonghai(1998)systematicallyanalyzedtheroleofbackgroundknowledgeindeepeningreaderscomprehension,arousingtheirinterestandbroadeningtheirview.Dujingbang(2000)adoptedaphilosophicalviewandexpoundedtherelationshipbetw

7、eenmeaningandbackgroundknowledge,readingwithmorebackgroundknowledge,readerswillconcentrateontheglobalmeaningofthetextbyreasoningtheconnectionsbetweentheisolatedwords,phrasesandsentencesandlogicallylinkingthemtoformawholepicture,thusachievingmorecoherenceintheirretrievalofthetext.

8、Whentheoreticalexplorationswerecarriedou