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1、2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案 PartC Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points) SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedth
2、escientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework. (1)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,and
3、seeksatheoryofeverything—asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itisbecominglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal. Thistendencyinthenatura
4、lscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(2)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversity4couldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhuman
5、courtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredformsofsexualselection,perhapstheworld’slanguages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryaregovernedbyuniversalfeatures.(3)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbeha
6、vioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveterms. That,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysuppliesarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrammarsintheligh
7、toftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage. ThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggestedthathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgrammar.Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldth
8、eentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly. (4)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachtouniversalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguagewhichareconsideredtorepresentb
