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1、THISHOUSEWOULDBANANIMALTESTINGAnimalshavearightnottobeharmed.POINT:Thedifferencesbetweenusandothervertebratesareamatterofdegreeratherthankind. Notonlydotheycloselyresembleusanatomicallyandphysiologically,butsotoodotheybehaveinwayswhichseemtoconveymeaning.Theyrecoilfrompain,a
2、ppeartoexpressfearofatormentor,andappeartotakepleasureinactivities;apointcleartoanyonewhohasobservedthebehaviourofapetdogonhearingtheword“walk”.Ourreasonsforbelievingthatourfellowhumansarecapableofexperiencingfeelingslikeourselvescansurelyonlybethattheyresembleusbothinappear
3、anceandbehaviour(wecannotreadtheirminds).Thusanyanimalsharingouranatomical,physiological,andbehaviouralcharacteristicsissurelylikelytohavefeelingslikeus.Ifweacceptastrueforsakeofargument,thatallhumanshavearightnottobeharmed,simplybyvirtueofexistingasabeingofmoralworth,thenwe
4、mustaskwhatmakesanimalssodifferent.Ifanimalscanfeelwhatwefeel,andsufferaswesuffer,thentodiscriminatemerelyonthearbitrarydifferenceofbelongingtoadifferentspecies,is analogoustodiscriminatingonthebasisofanyothermorallyarbitrarycharacteristic,suchasraceorsex.Ifsexualandracialmo
5、raldiscriminationiswrong,thensotooisspecieism.COUNTERPOINT:Animalsdonothavesucharightnottobeharmed;eveniftheyaresimilartohumansintermsoftheirfeelings(thatoppositiondoesnotconcede)thisrightisimpossibletoarguefor.Therightofahumannottobeharmedisapartofaquidproquothatwewillalson
6、otdoharmtoothers.Animalsareunabletoengageinsuchacontracteithertousortootheranimals.Animalsarenotabouttostophuntingotheranimalsbecausetheanimalthatishuntedfeel’spainwhenitiscaughtanditevenifanimalexperimentationwastobeendeditisunlikelythathumanitywouldstopkillinganimalseither
7、forfood,topreventoverpopulationorbyaccidentallofwhichwouldhavetobethecaseifanimalsfeelingofpleasureandpainandresultingrightshadtobetakenintoaccount. Animalresearchnecessitatessignificantharmtotheanimalsinvolved.POINT:Animalresearch,byitsverynaturenecessitatesharmtotheanimals
8、.Eveniftheyarenotmadetosufferaspartoftheexperiment,thevastmajorityofanimals
