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1、THISHOUSEWOULDBANANIMALTESTINGAnimalshavearightnottobeharmed.POINT:Thedifferencesbetweenusandothervertebratesareamatterofdegreeratherthankind.Notonlydotheycloselyresembleusanatomicallyandphysiologically,butsotoodotheybehaveinwayswhichseemtoconveymeaning.Theyreco
2、ilfrompain,appeartoexpressfearofatormentor,andappeartotakepleasureinactivities;apointcleartoanyonewhohasobservedthebehaviourofapetdogonhearingtheword"walk”.Ourreasonsforbelievingthatourfellowhumansarecapableofexperiencingfeelingslikeourselvescansurelyonlybethatt
3、heyresembleusbothinappearanceandbehaviour(wecannotreadtheirminds)・Thusanyanimalsharingouranatomical,physiological,andbehaviouralcharacteristicsissurelylikelytohavefeelingslikeus.Ifweacceptastrueforsakeofargument,thatallhumanshavearightnottobeharmed,simplybyvirtu
4、eofexistingasabeingofmoralworth,thenwemustaskwhatmakesanimalssodifferent.Ifanimalscanfeelwhatwefeel,andsufferaswesuffer,thentodiscriminatemerelyonthearbitrarydifferenceofbelongingtoadifferentspecies,isanalogoustodiscriminatingonthebasisofanyothermorallyarbitrary
5、characteristic,suchasraceorsex.Ifsexualandracialmoraldiscriminationiswrong,thensotooisspecieism・COUNTERPOINT:Animalsdonothavesucharightnottobehanned;eveniftheyaresimilartohumansintermsoftheirfeelings(thatoppositiondoesnotconcede)thisrightisimpossibletoarguefo匚Th
6、erightofahumannottobeharmedisapartofaquidproquothatwewillalsonotdoharmtoothers.Animalsareunabletoengageinsuchacontracteithertousortootheranimals.Animalsarenotabouttostophuntingotheranimalsbecausetheanimalthatishuntedfeel'spainwhenitiscaughtanditevenifanimalexper
7、imentationwastobeendeditisunlikelythathumanitywouldstopkillinganimalseitherforfood,topreventoverpopulationorbyaccidentallofwhichwouldhavetobethecaseifanimalsfeelingofpleasureandpainandresultingrightshadtobetakenintoaccount.Animalresearchnecessitatessignificantha
8、rmtotheanimalsinvolved.POINT:Animalresearch,byitsverynaturenecessitatesharmtotheanimals.Eveniftheyarenotmadetosufferaspartoftheexperiment,thevastmajorityofanimalsused
