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1、Jpn.J.Med.Mycol.Vol.48,1－12,2007ISSN0916－4804ReviewTrendsintheEpidemiologyofInvasiveFungalInfectionsDavidW.WarnockDivisionofFoodborne,BacterialandMycoticDiseases,NationalCenterforZoonotic,Vector-BorneandEntericDiseases,CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta30333,Georgia,U.S.A.Abstract
2、Invasivefungalinfectionshaveincreasedinimportance,largelybecauseoftheincreasingsizeofthepopulationatrisk.Candidaspeciesremainthefourthmostimportantcauseofhospital-acquiredbloodstreaminfections.InfectionswithCandidaspeciesotherthanC.albicansappeartohavebecomemorecommon,butsignificantgeographi
3、cvariationhasbeenreported.Invasiveaspergillosisandothermouldinfectionsarealeadingcauseofinfection-relateddeathinhematopoieticstemcelltransplantrecipients.AlthoughAspergillusfumigatusremainsthemostfrequentcauseofinfection,A.terreushasemergedasanimportantpathogen,atleastamongcertainpopulations
4、.DespitemarkedreductionsintheratesofAIDS-associatedfungalinfections,suchascryptococcosis,intheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountries,theburdenofthesediseasesindevelopingcountriesislargeandincreasing.Enhancedsurveillanceandreportingwillbecriticaltoimproveourunderstandingoftheimportanceofinvas
5、ivefungalinfections,toenableprioritizationofresearchandpreventionefforts,andtoevaluatepreventionstrategies.Keywords:surveillance,candidiasis,cryptococcosis,aspergillosis,zygomycosisdevelopedcountries,upto80%ofHIV-infectedIntroductionpersonsdevelopedmucosalcandidiasis,whileOverthelasttwodecad
6、es,invasivefungalothersdevelopedcryptococcosis,pneumocystosis,infectionshaveassumedamuchgreaterandotherlethalfungalinfections,suchasimportance,largelybecauseoftheincreasingpenicilliosis.Throughoutthedevelopedworld,sizeofthepopulationatrisk.ThispopulationthewidespreaduseofHAARThasledtoainclud
7、espersonswithhumanimmunodeficiencymarkedreductionintheratesofAIDS-virus（HIV）infection,recipientsofsolidorganorassociatedopportunisticfungalinfections.Inhaematopoieticstemcelltransplants（HSCT）,contrast,indevelopingcountriestheburdenofpatientswithhem
