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1、UnderstandingenzymeimmobilisationEnzymesareversatilecatalystsinthelaboratoryandonanindustrialscale.Tobroadentheirapplicabilityinthelaboratoryandtoensuretheir(re)useinmanufacturingthestabilityofenzymescanoftenrequireimprovement.Immobilisationcanaddresstheis
2、sueofenzymaticinstability.Immobilisationcanalsohelptoenabletheemploymentofenzymesindifferentsolvents,atextremesofpHandtemperatureandexceptionallyhighsubstrateconcentrations.Atthesametimesubstrate-specificity,enantioselectivityandreactivitycanbemodified.How
3、ever,mostoftenthemolecularandphysical-chemicalbasesofthesephenomenahavenotbeenelucidatedyet.ChemSocRev.2009Feb;38(2):453-68.HanefeldU,GardossiL,MagnerE.RecentadvancesinimmobilizedenzymaticreactorsandtheirapplicationsinproteomeanalysisImmobilizedenzymaticre
4、actorsrecentlyhavedrawnmuchattentionbecauseofthestrikingadvantages,suchashighsubstrateturnoverrateandeaseincouplingwiththeseparationanddetectionsystems.Carriermaterials,whichhavegreateffectsonthedevelopmentoftheimmobilizedenzymaticreactors,havealwaysbeingt
5、hefocusofstudy.Inthispaper,thecontributions,mainlyinthelast5years,ontheenzymaticreactorsandtheirapplicationsinproteomestudyarereviewed,withsomenewlydevelopedinorganicandorganiccarriersforenzymeimmobilizationdescribedindetails.Moreover,thehyphenationofimmob
6、ilizedenzymaticreactorswiththeseparationandidentificationsystemsisalsosummarized.Byreviewingtheseachievements,itcouldbeseenthatenzymaticreactorshaveverybrightfuture,especiallyinproteomeanalysisAnalChimActa.2009Jan19;632(1):1-8.MaJ,ZhangL,LiangZ,ZhangW,Zhan
7、gY.固定化酶的研究内容固定化方法载体酶学性质——固定化酶的特性稳定性研究、改进最适温度最适pH底物特异性固定化酶的制备方法(一)吸附法1.物理吸附:利用各种固体吸附剂将酶或含酶菌体吸附在其表面上。选择载体的原则(1)要有巨大的比表面积(2)要有活泼的表面(3)便于装柱进行连续反应。优点:固定化时酶分子的构象很少或基本不发生变化。缺点:结合力弱,易解吸附。载体:纤维素、琼脂糖、活性炭、沸石及硅胶等。(二)结合法1离子键结合法酶分子含有离子交换基团的固相载体常用载体:DEAE-纤维素,DEAE-葡聚糖凝胶
8、使用注意:pH、离子强度、温度2共价键结合法(1)酶分子中可以形成共价键的基团:游离氨基,游离羧基,巯基,咪唑基,酚基,羟基,甲硫基,吲哚基,二硫键(2)常用载体:天然高分子、人工合成的高聚物、无机载体共价键结合法制备固定化酶的“通式”首先载体上引进活泼基团关键然后活化该活泼基团最后此活泼基团再与酶分子上某一基团形成共价键(4)载体活化的方法A.重氮法B.叠氮法C.烷基化反应法D.硅烷化法E.溴化氰法A.重氮法目