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1、CoordinationDefinitionAcoordinateconstructionisasequenceofsemantically-relatedgrammaticalunitsthataresimilarinform,equalinrankofstructure,identicalinfunctionandareconnectedbycoordinators.Formationofcoordinateconstructions(1)coordinationofwordssinganddance;goo
2、dbutexpensive(2)coordinationofphrasesPeteratethefruitanddrankthebeer.Youmusttakethecourseandpasstheexamination.(3)coordinationofclausesDianaplaysthepiano,andSandy(plays)theviolin.Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.(4)compoundsentenceMaryisanurse,herbro
3、therisadoctor,andherparentsarebothfamouswriters.Coordinatingdevices1.Coordinators2.Somepunctuationmarks.Coordinatorsand→both...and…; or→either...or,neither...Nor; but→not...but; notonly...butalso(=notmerely...butalso;notjust...butalso;notonly...but...aswell)B
4、othPeterandMaryworkhard. Heisnotkindbutcruel.Hesucceededbothbecausehewasintelligentandbecauseheworkedhard.Useof“notonly…butalsostructure”Sheisnotonlybeautifulbut(also)kind. Sheisinterestednotonlyinmusicbut(also)inart.Notonlycanshedance,butshecan(also)sing.Oth
5、ercoordinatorsaswellas...HecameheretolearnEnglishaswellastoknowmoreaboutlife.Iloveherbecausesheisintelligentaswellasbecausesheisconsiderate.…ratherthan...Heishappyratherthansad. HeratherthanIisinterestedinmusic.=Heinsteadofmeisinterestedinmusic.(HenotI,isinte
6、restedinmusic.) Hefailedbecausehewaslazyratherthanbecausehewasnotintelligent.Subject-verbconcordBothheandIarehappyaboutit. EitherheorIamwrong. Neitheryounorheistoblame. NothebutIamtoberesponsibleforit. NotonlytheybutalsoJohnhaspassedtheexam. Isnotonlyhebutals
7、oIwrong?Punctuationmarks1.Comma(逗号）thedifferenceinrepeatinguseofcommasandcoordinatorsHesaidthathehadnomoney,thathehadnofriendstocounton,andthatheexpectedmetohelphim.2.Dash(破折号)Heisversatile—hemastersfivedifferentlanguagesandplaysthepianoverywell.3.Colon(冒号)He
8、hasfinallymadehisgoalknowntous:hewantstobeascientist.4.Semicolon(分号)=comma+conjunction(连词)（and,so,but）conjunctiveadverbs:accordingly,furthermore,hence,however,nevertheless,therefore,etcHe
