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1、EnglishWordsfromLatin&GreekIncreasespelling,vocabulary,andreadingcomprehension1SusanEbbers2005HowmanywordsarethereintheEnglishLanguage?TheSecondEditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarycontainsfullentriesfor171,476wordsincurrentuse,and47,156obsoletewords.Tothismaybeaddeda
2、round9,500derivativewordsincludedassubentries.Overhalfofthesewordsarenouns,aboutaquarteradjectives,andaboutaseventhverbs;therestismadeupofinterjections,conjunctions,prepositions,suffixes,etc.Thesefigurestakenoaccountofentrieswithsensesfordifferentpartsofspeech(sucha
3、snounandadjective).2SusanEbbers2005Yea,yea,sogettothepoint…Thissuggeststhatthereare,attheveryleast,aquarterofamilliondistinctEnglishwords,excludinginflections,andwordsfromtechnicalandregionalvocabularynotcoveredbytheOED,orwordsnotyetaddedtothepublisheddictionary,ofw
4、hichperhaps20percentarenolongerincurrentuse.Ifdistinctsenseswerecounted,thetotalwouldprobablyapproach….3SusanEbbers2005Areyoureadyforthis?threequartersofamillion750,000Thatsalotawords!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4SusanEbbers2005Realworlddemands….Only30%of4thgradersareproficient
5、readersNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress(NAEP2007)42millionadultsintheUSare"functionallyilliterate,"meaningthatcan'treadthefrontpageofthenewspaper.(NAEP2007)Lackofvocabularycanbeacrucialfactorunderlyingtheschoolfailureofdisadvantagestudents(Becker,1977;Bielmil
6、ler,1999).5SusanEbbers2005Theaveragesixthgradestudentknowsapproximately25,000words.Theaveragehighschoolgraduateknowsapproximately50,000words.Thismeansthataveragestudentslearnroughly2000-3,000wordsayear(Graves,2007).Thistranslatesto8wordsaday,7daysaweek,52weeksayear-
7、includingweekendsorsummers.Shrinkingpersonalvocabularies6SusanEbbers2005Somespecificsontheimportanceofvocabulary…Growingupinpovertycanseriouslyrestrictthevocabularychildrenlearnbeforebeginningschoolandmakeattaininganadequatevocabularyaverychallengingtask(Coyne,Simmo
8、ns,&Kame'enui,2004;Hart&Risley,1995).Lessadvantagedstudentsarelikelytohavesubstantiallysmallervocabulariesthantheirmoreadvantagedclassmate
