《澳大利亚简介》PPT课件.ppt

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1、AUSTRALIAAustralia“TheLandDownUnder”Australiaiscalledthe“LandDownUnder”becauseitistheonlycontinentwithapopulationentirelybelowtheequatorAustraliaLikeCanadaandNewZealand,AustraliaisapartoftheBritishCommonwealthGovernment:FederalConstitutionalMonarchyunderParliamentary

2、DemocracyTheQueenofEnglandistheofficialHeadofStateCurrentPrimeMinister:JuliaGillardCapital:CanberraLargestCity:SydneyPopulation:21,874,900(2009)Climate:Semi-arid(dry),tropicalinnorthJuliaGillard27thPrimeMinisterMemberofLaborPartyFirstfemalePrimeMinisterTheGovernmenti

3、sSeparatedintoThreeParts:Parliament(Legislative)makeslawsTheFederalExecutiveCouncil,PrimeMinister,andMinistersofState(Executive)approveslaws3.TheHighCourtofAustralia(Judicial)judgeslawsParliamentofAustraliaConsistsofThreeParts:1.TheQueen(representedbyParliament’sGove

4、rnor-General)2.TheHouseofRepresentatives3.TheSenateBriefTimeline40,000years:AustralianAborigines1606:FirstEuropeans(Dutch,WillemJanszoon)1770:FirstBritish(JamesCook)1788-1867:AustraliaasaBritishpenalcolony(NewSouthWales)1901:AustraliaasaCommonwealthCountry1931:Austra

5、liawithamoreindependentgovernment1966:GovernmententirelyindependentofU.K.PriortocolonizationbytheBritish,itisbelievedthatAustraliahadbeeninhabitedforover40,000yearsbyseveralgroupsofindigenouspeoples.ThesepopulationsaregenerallyreferredtoasAboriginesandnowonlyconstitu

6、teabout2%ofthecountry’spopulation.AlthoughtheDutchwerethefirstEuropeanstoexploreAustralia,theareawasfirstcolonizedbytheBritishinthelate1700s.NewSouthWaleswasthefirstBritishColonyestablishedonJanuary26,1788.Forthisreason,AustralianscelebrateJanuary26astheirNationalDay

7、.WhentheEuropeansarrived,theyclashedwiththelocalpeopleandkilledmanyofthem.Diseasesandtheintroductionofforeignplantsalsothreatenedtheoriginalpeoplesandenvironment.In1770,CaptainJamesCooklandedinAustraliaandclaimedtheislandfortheBritishempireThefirstcoloniesinAustralia

8、wereestablishedaspenalcoloniesApenalcolonyisanareasettledforthepurposeoftransportingcriminalsratherthanputtingtheminprisonDuringthe