《澳大利亚简介》PPT课件

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1、AUSTRALIAAustralia“TheLandDownUnder”Australiaiscalledthe“LandDownUnder”becauseitistheonlycontinentwithapopulationentirelybelowtheequatorAustraliaLikeCanadaandNewZealand,AustraliaisapartoftheBritishCommonwealthGovernment:FederalConstitutionalMonarchyunderParl

2、iamentaryDemocracyTheQueenofEnglandistheofficialHeadofStateCurrentPrimeMinister:JuliaGillardCapital:CanberraLargestCity:SydneyPopulation:21,874,900(2009)Climate:Semi-arid(dry),tropicalinnorthJuliaGillard27thPrimeMinisterMemberofLaborPartyFirstfemalePrimeMini

3、sterTheGovernmentisSeparatedintoThreeParts:Parliament(Legislative)makeslawsTheFederalExecutiveCouncil,PrimeMinister,andMinistersofState(Executive)approveslaws3.TheHighCourtofAustralia(Judicial)judgeslawsParliamentofAustraliaConsistsofThreeParts:1.TheQueen(re

4、presentedbyParliament’sGovernor-General)2.TheHouseofRepresentatives3.TheSenateBriefTimeline40,000years:AustralianAborigines1606:FirstEuropeans(Dutch,WillemJanszoon)1770:FirstBritish(JamesCook)1788-1867:AustraliaasaBritishpenalcolony(NewSouthWales)1901:Austra

5、liaasaCommonwealthCountry1931:Australiawithamoreindependentgovernment1966:GovernmententirelyindependentofU.K.PriortocolonizationbytheBritish,itisbelievedthatAustraliahadbeeninhabitedforover40,000yearsbyseveralgroupsofindigenouspeoples.Thesepopulationsaregene

6、rallyreferredtoasAboriginesandnowonlyconstituteabout2%ofthecountry’spopulation.AlthoughtheDutchwerethefirstEuropeanstoexploreAustralia,theareawasfirstcolonizedbytheBritishinthelate1700s.NewSouthWaleswasthefirstBritishColonyestablishedonJanuary26,1788.Forthis

7、reason,AustralianscelebrateJanuary26astheirNationalDay.WhentheEuropeansarrived,theyclashedwiththelocalpeopleandkilledmanyofthem.Diseasesandtheintroductionofforeignplantsalsothreatenedtheoriginalpeoplesandenvironment.In1770,CaptainJamesCooklandedinAustraliaan

8、dclaimedtheislandfortheBritishempireThefirstcoloniesinAustraliawereestablishedaspenalcoloniesApenalcolonyisanareasettledforthepurposeoftransportingcriminalsratherthanputtingtheminprisonDuringthe