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1、THEMETAPHYSICSOFVIRTUALREALITYMichaelHeimNewYorkIOxfordIOXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESSOxfordUniversityPressOxfordNewYorkAthensAucklandBangkokBombayCalcuttaCapeTownDaresSalaamDelhiFlorenceHongKongIstanbulKarachiKualaLumpurMadrasMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiParisSingaporeTaipieTok
2、yoTorontoandassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadariCopyright©1993byMichaelHeimFirstpublishedin1993byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016-4314FirstissuedasanOxfordUniversityPresspaperback,1994OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.Allr
3、ightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataHeim,Mic
4、hael,1944-Themetaphysicsofvirtualreality/byMichaelHeim.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN.0-19-508178-1ISBN0-19-509258-9(pbk)1.Human—computerinteraction.2.Virtualreality.3.Technology—Socialaspects.I.Title.QA76.9.H85H451993006—dc20109876543PrintedintheUnite
5、dStatesofAmericaForyoungMike,JackandDorothy,andalwaysJoannaInthepresentstateoftheworld,thecontrolwehaveofphysicalen-ergies,heat,light,electricity,etc.,withoutcontrolovertheuseofourselvesisaperilousaffair.Withoutcontrolofourselves,ouruseofotherthingsisblind.JohnDewey,Prefac
6、etoF.M.Alexander,TheResurrectionoftheBodyFOREWORDviIfvirtualrealitywerejustanothertechnology,youwouldnothaveheardsomuchaboutit.However,itisatechnologythatviicanbeappliedtoeveryhumanactivityandcanbeusedtomediateineveryhumantransaction.Sinceyouarecompletelyimmersedinthevirtu
7、alworld,virtualrealityconstitutesanewformofhumanexperience—onethatmaybeasimportanttothefutureasfilm,theater,andliteraturehavebeentothepast.Itspotentialimpactissobroadthatitmaydefinethecul-turethatresultsfromitsuse.Asaconsequence,theconceptofvirtualrealitywillbeaswidelyused
8、asametaphorasitisinpractice.Inthisbook,MichaelHeimpointsoutthatvirtualrealityistheculmina
