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1、植物营养与肥料学报2011,17(1):1-8PlantNutritionandFertilizerScience不同栽培模式及施氮对半旱地冬小麦/夏玉米氮素累积、分配及氮肥利用率的影响*张宏,周建斌,刘瑞,张鹏,郑险峰,李生秀(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100)摘要:在陕西关中地区进行田间试验,研究了不同栽培模式、施氮量对夏玉米和冬小麦地上部分氮素的累积、分配和利用效率的影响。结果表明:垄沟栽培模式显著增加了成熟期夏玉米的氮素累积总量及各个器官的氮素累积量,其余处理下成熟期夏玉米和冬小麦的
2、氮素累积量差异未达显著水平;不同栽培模式下,小麦的各器官除叶片的氮素累积量差异达显著外,其余器官的氮素累积量均未达到显著水平;不同栽培模式下,小麦各器官对子粒氮素的22贡献为垄沟>常规>覆草>控水;与不施氮肥相比较,施氮处理(N120kg/hm和N240kg/hm)显著增加了作物氮素累积量;两个施氮肥水平相比,高氮处理显著提高氮素累积量,但小麦花后营养器官氮素向子粒转运和分配两个水平间无显著差异;随着氮肥用量的增加,氮肥利用效率和氮肥农学效率均呈现降低趋势。关键词:栽培模式;施氮量;氮素累积;氮肥利用效率中图
3、分类号:S51.062.01文献标识码:A文章编号:1008-505X(2011)01-0001-08Effectsofdifferentcultivationpatternsandnitrogenfertilizeronaccumulation,distributionanduseefficiencyofnitrogeninwinterwheat/summermaizerotationsystemonsem-idrylandfarming*ZHANGHong,ZHOUJian-bin,LIURu,iZHAN
4、GPeng,ZHENGXian-feng,LISheng-xiu(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentSciences,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China)Abstract:AfieldexperimentwasconductedintheGuanzhongregionofShaanxiProvincetostudytheeffectsofdi-fferentcultivationpatternsandNferti
5、lizationontheaccumulation,partitionanduseefficiencyofNinmaizeandwinterwheatrotation.TheresultsshowedthatthefurrowplantingpatternsignificantlyincreasedtheNaccumulationinmaizeduringitsmaturestage,whereasothercultivationpatternshadnosignificanteffectsontheNacc
6、umulationinthemaizeandwhea.tDifferentcultivationpatternshadsignificanteffectontheNaccumulationinleavesofwheat,whilehadnoeffectsonotherorgansofmaizeandwhea.tThecontributionofNfromdifferentorganstograinincreasedintheorder:furrowplanting>conventional>strawmulc
7、hing>water-controlled.ApplyingNfertilizer(includingN120kg/haandN240kg/ha)increasedtheNaccumulationinthecropincomparisonwiththecon-tro.lTheNaccumulationintreatmentofN240kg/hawassignificantlyhigherthanthatofN120kg/hatreatmen.tHowever,therewerenosignificantdif
8、ferencesintheNtranslocationfromdifferentorganstograinsandpartitionbe-tweenthetwoNfertilizertreatmentsduringtheanthesisstage.AstheincreasingofNfertilizerrates,theNuseeff-iciencyandNagronomicefficiencyde
