四级阅读精选第二十六篇.pdf

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1、团体的压力影响个人的行为Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup'sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Manyillustrations(例证)couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople'sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultof

2、grouppressure.Aschandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularchangeablepeoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistype.Usuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareused.Inatypicalexp

3、eriment,thisiswhatmayhappen.Theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaborating(合作)withtheexperimenter.Th

4、egroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembers

5、ofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeunanimous(一致的)opinionoftherestofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthev

6、ictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknowthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion,orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdiff

7、erent.26.Thepsychologistsareparticularlyinterestedin_______.A.thechangesintheattitudesofthepeopleB.thedegreeofchangesofpeople'sopinionsC.theresultoftheexperimentD.thedifferenceinpeople'scharacters27.Peoplewhoareusuallychosentotakepartintheexperimentsare_______.A.stubbornandindepen

8、dentB.intelligentC.ignorantanddoc