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1、文化背景对商业运作的影响Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,techno
2、logy,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenv
3、ironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,cultural
4、differencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetoth
5、einternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.T
6、heyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearncultu
7、re.B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.Ｄ.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi.Ａ.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundＢ.isdifferentfromthemodelofMc
8、Donald’sＣ.showsthereverseofglobalizationＤ.hasconvergedculturaldifferences3.Thetwos
