国泰航空经典课程.pdf

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1、CathayPacificICanFlyProgrammeGeneralAviationKnowledge26May2003Aerodynamics1.Definition:Aerodynamicsisthescienceofairflowandthemotionofaircraftthroughtheair.2.Inalevelflight,the'weight'and'lift'oftheaircraftrespectivelypullsandholdsitintheair.Hence,theaircraftmaintainsthesameheightwhenthetw

2、oforces-weightandliftbalanceeachother.If,-Thrust>Drag:theplanewillspeedup;Drag>Thrust:theplanewillslowdown-Lift>Weight:theplanewillclimb;Weight>Lift:theplanewilldescendLift升力Drag阻力Thrust推力Weight重力3.Thetopsurfaceofawingismorecurvedthanthebottom.Iftwoairparticlessplitupatthetipofthewingandco

3、mebackatthetrailingedgeatthesametime,theparticleontopmustbetravellingfaster,giventhetophasalargersurfacethanthebottom.CathayPacificICanFlyProgrammeGeneralAviationKnowledge26May20034.Thefundamentaloffluiddynamicsstatedthatasthespeedofafluidflowincreases,itspressuredecreases.Whilethefastermo

4、vingairdevelopsalowerpressureonthetopsurface,theslowermovingairmaintainsahigherpressureonthebottomsurface.Thispressuredifferenceessentially'sucks'thewingupward.升力Lift移動較快的空氣粒子會引致氣壓較低Lowerpressureduetofaster-movingair氣流Airstream機翼橫切面WINGHigherpressureexertedbyslower-movingair移動較慢的空氣粒子會造成氣壓較

5、高5.Ifthe'standardshape'ofthewingisdeformed,forexample,ifthereisiceonthesurfaceofthewings,the'lift-producingcapability'willbegreatlyreducedormaytotallydisappear.Theaircraftmaynotbeabletotake-offatall.6.Wingisaveryimportantaspectoftheaviationfield.AllCathayPacificpilotswearapinthatbearsthesh

6、apeofapairofwings.7.Apartfromholdingtheaircraftintheair,airflowcanalsobeusedtocontrolthedirectionoftheaircraftwhentheairflowhitsthecontrolsurfaces.8.Therearethreetypesofcontrolsurfacesthatcansteeranaircraft'smovement,namely,theelevator,therudderandtheaileron.CathayPacificICanFlyProgrammeGe

7、neralAviationKnowledge26May20039.Theelevatoriscontrolledbytheforward/backwardmovementofthecontrolstick.Pullingthecontrolswillcausetheelevatortodeflectupwards,causingtheaircrafttopitchupwardsaboutthelateralaxis.10.Theaileronsarecontrolledbythesidewaymovementoft