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1、定语从句Theattributiveclause(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句;B.代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.
2、who指人,在定语从句中作主语。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.4.that指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplet
3、hat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.注意:1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:look
4、for,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neithe
5、r,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(四)关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.2.where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常
6、可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。用逗号“,”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“...的”通常译成主句的并列句。关系词的使用上A.作宾语时可省
7、略B.不可省略A.可用thatB.不用thatA.可用who代替whomB.不可用who代替whomGreatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.Chinaisac