阅读材料第一期.doc

《阅读材料第一期.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、Humanityusesalittlelessthanhalfthewateravailableworldwide.Yetoccurrencesofshortagesanddroughts(干旱)arecausingfamineanddistressinsomeareas,andindustrialandagriculturalby-productsarepollutingwatersupplies・Sincethewo「lcTpopulationisexpectedtodoubleinthenex

2、t50years,manyexpertsthinkweareontheedgeofawidespreadwatercrisis.Butthatdoesn'thavetobetheoutcome・Watershortagesdonothavetotroubletheworld—ifwestartvaluingwatermorethanwehaveinthepast.Justaswebegantoappreciatepetroleummoreafterthe1970soilcrises,todaywem

3、ustskirtlookingatwaterfromafresheconomicperspective・Wecannolongeraffordtoconsiderwateravirtuallyfreeresourceofwhichwecanuseasmuchaswelikeinanywaywewant.Instead,forallusesexceptthedomesticdemandofthepoor,governmentsshouldpricewatertoreflectitsactualvalu

4、e.Thismeanschargingafeeforthewateritselfaswellasforthesupplycosts・Governmentsshouldalsoprotectthisresourcebyprovidingwaterinmoreeconomicallyandenvironmentallysoundways・Forexample・oftenthecheapestwaytoprovideirrigation(淋j既)waterinthedrytropicsisthroughs

5、mall-scaleprojects,suchasgatheringrainfallindepressions(凹出也)andpumpingittonearbycropland.Nomatterwhatstepsgovernmentstaketoprovidewatermoreefficiently,theymustchangetheirinstitutionalandlegalapproachestowatersue.Ratherthanspreadcontrolamonghundredsorev

6、enthousandsoflocal,regional,andnationalagenciesthatwatchvariousaspectsofwateruse,countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewaterpolicy.1.Whatistherealcauseofthepotentialwatercrisis?A)Theworldpopulationisincreasingfasterandfaster.B)Halfoftheworl

7、d'swaterresourceshavebeenseriouslypolluted.C)Humanityhasnotplacedsufficientvalueonwaterresources・D)Onlyhalfoftheworldswatercanbeused・2・Asindicatedinthepassage,thewaterproblem.A)hasbeenexaggeratedbysomeexpertsinthefieldB)isunderestimatedbygovemmentorgan

8、izationsatdifferentlevelsC)posesachallengetothetechnologyofbuildingreservoirsD)isalreadyseriousincertainpartsoftheworld3.Accordingtotheauthor,thewaterpriceshould・A)correspondtoitsrealvalueB)bereducedtotheminimumC)stimulatedomesticdemand