资源描述：
《语言学基本内容概念.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第一单元1Designfeaturesoflanguage：arbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement.2.Functionsoflanguage：Informative,Interpersonal（人际-）,Performative施为-,Emotive,Phaticcommunion寒暄语，Recreational，Metalinguistic元语言功能3Mainbranchesoflinguistics:Phonetics(speechsounds)语音学/Phonology音系学/Morphology:(words)形态学/Synta
2、x:(structuresofsentences)句法学/Semantics语义学/Pragmatics语用学Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Importantdistinctioninlinguistics:Descriptive(native)vsprescriptive/Synchronic共时&diachronicstudies历时/Languevsparole/Competencevsperformance~运用/第二单元1Phoneticsdivisions:Articulato
3、ryphonetics/Acousticphonetics/Auditoryphonetics2trachea气管/vocalfolds(cords)声带:/glottis声/epiglottis会厌/hardpalate硬颚/velum软颚/uvula小舌/alveolarridge齿/labium唇/larynx喉/pharynx咽3obstructionoftheairstreamintheproductionof-4IPA/stop(plosive)爆破音nasal鼻音fricative摩擦音affricate破擦音bilabial唇音labio-dental唇齿音alveolar
4、齿龈音velar软腭音uvular小舌音RP标准发音GA通用美国英语coarticulation协同发音aspirated送气音phoneme音位minimalpairs最小对立体allophone音位变体assimilation同化unvoiced清音epenthesissyllablestructure音节结构open/closedsyllable开音节stress重音intonation语调tone音调Consonants1)Mannersofarticulation:stop/fricative…2)Placesofarticulation/bilabial,dental,alve
5、olar…3)Voicing:voicedvsvoicelessorunvoiced4)Nasalvsoral:/m/,/n/,/ŋ/vsotherconsonants5)Lateralvscentral:/l/Vowelsisproducedwithoutobstructionofairinthepronunciationofvowels1)Thepartofthetonguethatisraised:front/i:/,central/ə/,back/ɑ/2)Theheightofthetongue:high,mid,low;closed/i:/,halfclosed/e/,halfo
6、pen/ε/,open/a/3)Thedegreeofliprounding:rounded/u:/,unrounded/i:/4)Monophthongvsdiphthongorpurevowelsvsglidings:/a/,/au/5)Longvsshortvowelsortensevslaxvowels:/i:/,/I/3WORD--Open/Closed-class封闭/开放类词wordswhosemembershipisfixed(infinite)or(un)limited--Wordclasses分类:categoriesofwordsclassifiedaccording
7、totheirgrammatical,semantic,phonologicalpropertiesoronthebasisofformalsimilaritiesintermsofinflectionsanddistribution:interjections!Article冠词/Newwordclassesidentified:Particles小品词(to,not,subordinateelementinphras
