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1、2012年自考英语阅读模考试题及答案请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I.CAREFULREADINGReadthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2pointseach)Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peoplehavethoughtverydifferentlyaboutchildrenindifferenthistoricaleras.I
2、nancientRomeandthroughouttheMiddleAges,forexample,childhoodwasbrief:Aboyorgirlwasconsideredan“infant”untiltheageofsix,butsoonafterwardworkedalongsideadultsinthefields,intheworkshops,orathome.Childrenwerethoughttobeborninastateofsinandwereviewedasthepropertyoftheirfathers.Suchbeliefscontributedt
3、ostrictdisciplineofchildrenandneglectoftheirspecialneeds.TheseharshattitudessoftenedduringtheRenaissanceandEnlightenmentasthehumanisticspiritofthetimescausedarediscoveryofthespecialqualitiesofchildhood.Inpaintings,forexample,youngchildrenweredepictedasplayinganddoingotherchildishthings,ratherth
4、anbeingshownasminiatureadults.Theimportanceofchildhoodasauniqueperiodofdevelopmentwasunderstoodmorefullyinthe17thand18thcenturies,asreflectedinthewritingsoftwoimportantEuropeanthinkers:theEnglishphilosopherJohnLockeandtheFrenchphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseau.JohnLockearguedthatthenewborninfantco
5、mesintotheworldwithnoinheritedpredispositions(天性),butratherwithamindasa“blankslate”thatisgraduallyfilledwithideas,concepts,andknowledgefromexperiencesintheworld.Heconcludedthatthequalityofearlyexperiences,particularlyhowchildrenareraisedandeducated,shapesthedirectionofachild’slife.Later,JeanJac
6、quesRousseauclaimedthatchildrenatbirthareinnatelygoodratherthanevil,andthattheirnaturaltendenciesshouldbeprotectedagainstthecorruptinginfluencesofsociety.Rousseau’sattitudehadanimportantinfluenceonsociety,andinspired，forexample，thenovelistsCharlesDickensandVictorHugo，whodecried(揭露)theexploitati
7、onofchildlaborandhighlightedtheneedforeducationalandsocialreform．1．ItcanbeinferredthatchildrenintheMiddleAges______．A．weremistreatedandexploitedB．weregenerallyregardedasminiatureadultsC．didnotobservetheinstitutionaldisciplinesD．di
