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1、一、英语中的句子成分分析ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:(1)Studentssyudy.(名词)(2)Wearefridends.(代词)(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.(不定式)(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(动名词)(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Fou
2、rplusfouriseight.2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:(1)Studentsstudy.(实意动词)(2)Wearefriends.(be动词)(3)WeloveChina.(4)HecanspeakEnglish.(复合谓语)3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。(a)Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmeso
3、meflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(3)Iplaywithhim.(2)Welovewatchingfootballgames.4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning?(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词
4、)。(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbebackinawhile.7、表语:系动词后的部分就是表语,表语是用来说明主语的性
5、质或状态。be(am,is,are,were,was),apear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态。例:(1)Thistableislong.Theappletastessweet.(2)Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间作状语放在句子的后面。(定语)主语(状语)谓语(定语)宾语(状语)。(1)(Thetall)boy(often)g
6、o(tothebig)zoo.(2)(Thehappy)child-went(his)homeyesterday.英语五种基本句型:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+P(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVPoOC句型一ShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatterThepenwritesmoothly句型二HeishappyEverythinglooksniceHisfaceturnedred句型三W
7、estudyEnglisheverdayTheyareplayingfootballHeenjoysreadingShesaid“Goodmorning”.句型四IgivehimabookMymotherbroughtmeapenyesterdayIshowedhimmypictureWemustkeepthedooropenThenewsmakesmehappyWecallhimJimHetoldmetowashtheplatesIsawathieftgoingintoyourroom二、从句从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独做一个句子
8、。英语中主要有三大从句,