英语语法分析-句子成分分析4页

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1、一、英语中的句子成分分析ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任（是全句谈论的中心话题）。例：(1)Studentsstudy.（名词）(2)Wearefriends.（代词）(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.（不定式）(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.（动名词）(5)Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutina

2、hurry.(7)Fourplusfouriseight.(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面（主语做什么了、怎么了）。例：(1)Studentsstudy.（实意动词）(2)Wearefriends.（be动词）(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)Hecanspe

3、akEnglish.（复合谓语）(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后（动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后）。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：(a)Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(2)Iplaywithhim.(3)We

4、lovewatchingfootballgames.(1)Heisdongherhomeworknow.(2)Ilikemyjob.(3)Iloveyou.(4)Hewantedtoleavehere.(5)Theyenjoyedplayingfootballgames.注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning?(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmeto

5、lendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Pleasekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustkeepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmad

6、emonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任（是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词）。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例：(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninblueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersiste

7、r.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例：(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.(4)Iwillbebackinawhile.(5)Theyareplayingonthepla