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时间:2018-10-29
《英语语法分析-句子成分分析》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、WORD文档可编辑ImetmybestfriendTomattheststionyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句诉说的对象,常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例:(1)Studentssyudy.(名词)(2)Wearefriends.(代词)(3)Togotogooduniversityishisfirstgoal.(不定式)(4)Doingmorningexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(动名词)(5)Janeis
2、goodatplayingthepiano.(6)Shewentoutinahurry.(7)Fourplusfouriseight.(8)Toseeistobelieve.(9)Smokingisbadforhealth.(10)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(11)Whathehassaidistrue.2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例:(1)Studentsstudy.(实意动词)(2
3、)Wearefriends.(be动词)(3)WeloveChina.(4)Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.(5)HecanspeakEnglish.(复合谓语)(6)Sheseemstired.(7)Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(8)Helookedaftertwoorphans.3、宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或代词担任,放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象,目标;位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人
4、。例:(a)Hegavemesomebooks.间接宾语直接宾语(b)Pleasepassmethebook.(c)Heboughtmesomeflowers.(1)Theyareteachers.(2)Iplaywithhim.(3)Welovewatchingfootballgames.(4)Heisdongherhomeworknow.技术资料专业分享WORD文档可编辑(1)Ilikemyjob.(2)Iloveyou.(3)Hewantedtoleavehere.(4)Theyenjoyed
5、playingfootballgames.注:位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。4、宾语补足语:是对宾语进行补充说明,宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例:(1)Ifoundthebookinteresting.(2)Doyousmellsomethingburning?(3)Hemadehimselfknowntothem.(4)Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(5)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(6)Pleasekeepthedogout.(7)Wemustk
6、eepitasecret.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补。例:(1)Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.(2)Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam.→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam.(3)Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.(4)Hepushedthedooropen.→
7、Thedoorwaspushedopen.5、定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。形容词放在名词前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词之后。例:(1)Thisisaredsun.(2)Theblackbikeismine.(3)Heisatallboy.(4)Sheisachemistryteacher.(5)Themaninbllueismybrother.(6)Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyou
8、ngersister.(7)Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.6、状语:是用来说明动词,形容词,副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分,常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词的放在它们之前。例:(1)Thestudentsstudyhard.(2)Ioftenwritetohim.(3)Thebagistooheavy.技术资料专业分享WORD文档可编辑(4)Iwillbebackin
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