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1、1WhatisfibreFibresarethefoundationoftextileindustry.Alltextilesaremadeoffibres.Alloftheproductionflowsandformulaeintextileswetproceccingstagesincludingpre-treatment,dyeing,printingandfinalfinishingaredesignedandconductedonthebasisofthepropertiesofthefibresfromwhichthetextilesare
2、made.Soitisnecessaryforustoreviewthefibre’sdefinitionandpropertiesbeforewediscussthewettreatmentoftextiles.Whatisafibre?Fibreisthesmallestvisibleunitofmatterthathasahighlengthtodiameterratio,finenessandflexibility.Theabovedefinitionfortextilefibresisverybroad.Somanythingsaredema
3、ndedoffibresinmanydifferentuses.However,somecharacteristicscanbeidentifiedwhichalltextilefibresmusthaveiftheyaretobecommerciallysuccessful:ahighlengthtodiameterratio,strength,extensibilityandelasticity,resistancetochemicals,heatandsunlight,andabilitytotakecolour.Fibersareusually
4、groupedinordertoresearchordiscussorapplythemconventiently.Mostoffibresarepolymer.Besedontheirchemicalcomposition,fibrescanbeclassifiedintomanygroupssuchascellulosicfibre,proteinfibre,viscosefibre,polyamidefibre,polyesterfibreandpolycrylicfibre,etc..Butthemostconvenientgroupingdi
5、videsthemintotwobasicgroupsaccoudingtotheirorigins:i.e.naturalandman-madefibres.Naturalfibresrefertoallfibersthatoccurinfibreforminnature,includingcotton,linen,wool,silk,andsoon,whichhavebeenknownandusedforthousandsofyears.Asnaturalfibrescannotmeettherequirementofpeople,manypoly
6、mersthatdonotnaturallyexistintheformoffibrehavebeenprocessedintothefibreform,usuallybyforcingtheviscouspolymersthroughaspinneretthatconsistsofaseriesoftinyholesarrangedinacircle,andusedasfibres.Theseproductsareknownasman-madefibres.Thetwobasicgroupscanthenbefurthersubdivided.The
7、naturalfibrescanbesubdividedintothethreetypesofcellulosic,proteinandmineralfibresaccordingtotheirorigins.Man-madefibresareusuallysubdividedintofourgroups:regenerated,modified,syntheticandmineralfibres,accordingtotheirpolymerorigins.2NaturalfibresFiberisthebasicunitoffabric.Thete
8、xtilefibersmanybedividedintotwomajorgroups,name
