资源描述：
《染整专业英语课堂练习》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、1WhatisfibreFibresarethefoundationoftextileindustry.Alltextilesaremadeoffibres.Alloftheproductionflowsandformulaeintextileswetproceccingstagesincludingpre-treatment,dyeing,printingandfinalfinishingaredesignedandconductedonthebasisofthepropertiesofthefibresfromwhichthetextilesarem
2、ade.Soitisnecessaryforustoreviewthefibre’sdefinitionandpropertiesbeforewediscussthewettreatmentoftextiles.Whatisafibre?Fibreisthesmallestvisibleunitofmatterthathasahighlengthtodiameterratio,finenessandflexibility.Theabovedefinitionfortextilefibresisverybroad.Somanythingsaredemand
3、edoffibresinmanydifferentuses.However,somecharacteristicscanbeidentifiedwhichalltextilefibresmusthaveiftheyaretobecommerciallysuccessful:ahighlengthtodiameterratio,strength,extensibilityandelasticity,resistancetochemicals,heatandsunlight,andabilitytotakecolour.Fibersareusuallygro
4、upedinordertoresearchordiscussorapplythemconventiently.Mostoffibresarepolymer.Besedontheirchemicalcomposition,fibrescanbeclassifiedintomanygroupssuchascellulosicfibre,proteinfibre,viscosefibre,polyamidefibre,polyesterfibreandpolycrylicfibre,etc..Butthemostconvenientgroupingdivide
5、sthemintotwobasicgroupsaccoudingtotheirorigins:i.e.naturalandman-madefibres.Naturalfibresrefertoallfibersthatoccurinfibreforminnature,includingcotton,linen,wool,silk,andsoon,whichhavebeenknownandusedforthousandsofyears.Asnaturalfibrescannotmeettherequirementofpeople,manypolymerst
6、hatdonotnaturallyexistintheformoffibrehavebeenprocessedintothefibreform,usuallybyforcingtheviscouspolymersthroughaspinneretthatconsistsofaseriesoftinyholesarrangedinacircle,andusedasfibres.Theseproductsareknownasman-madefibres.Thetwobasicgroupscanthenbefurthersubdivided.Thenatura
7、lfibrescanbesubdividedintothethreetypesofcellulosic,proteinandmineralfibresaccordingtotheirorigins.Man-madefibresareusuallysubdividedintofourgroups:regenerated,modified,syntheticandmineralfibres,accordingtotheirpolymerorigins.2NaturalfibresFiberisthebasicunitoffabric.Thetextilefi
8、bersmanybedividedintotwomajorgroups,name
