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1、1WhatisfibreFibresarethefoundationoftextileindustry.Alltextilesaremadeoffibres.Alloftheproductionflowsandformulaeintextileswetproceccingstagesincludingpre-treatment,dyeing,printingandfinalfinishingaredesignedandconductedonthebasisofthepropertiesofthefibresfromwhichthetextilesaremade.Soitisnecessary
2、forustoreviewthefibre’sdefinitionandpropertiesbeforewediscussthewettreatmentoftextiles.Whatisafibre?Fibreisthesmallestvisibleunitofmatterthathasahighlengthtodiameterratio,finenessandflexibility.Theabovedefinitionfortextilefibresisverybroad.Somanythingsaredemandedoffibresinmanydifferentuses.However,
3、somecharacteristicscanbeidentifiedwhichalltextilefibresmusthaveiftheyaretobecommerciallysuccessful:ahighlengthtodiameterratio,strength,extensibilityandelasticity,resistancetochemicals,heatandsunlight,andabilitytotakecolour.Fibersareusuallygroupedinordertoresearchordiscussorapplythemconventiently.Mo
4、stoffibresarepolymer.Besedontheirchemicalcomposition,fibrescanbeclassifiedintomanygroupssuchascellulosicfibre,proteinfibre,viscosefibre,polyamidefibre,polyesterfibreandpolycrylicfibre,etc..Butthemostconvenientgroupingdividesthemintotwobasicgroupsaccoudingtotheirorigins:i.e.naturalandman-madefibres.
5、Naturalfibresrefertoallfibersthatoccurinfibreforminnature,includingcotton,linen,wool,silk,andsoon,whichhavebeenknownandusedforthousandsofyears.Asnaturalfibrescannotmeettherequirementofpeople,manypolymersthatdonotnaturallyexistintheformoffibrehavebeenprocessedintothefibreform,usuallybyforcingthevisc
6、ouspolymersthroughaspinneretthatconsistsofaseriesoftinyholesarrangedinacircle,andusedasfibres.Theseproductsareknownasman-madefibres.Thetwobasicgroupscanthenbefurthersubdivided.Thenaturalfibrescanbesubdividedintothethreetypesofcellulosic,proteinandmineralfibresaccordingtotheirorigins.Man-madefibresa
7、reusuallysubdividedintofourgroups:regenerated,modified,syntheticandmineralfibres,accordingtotheirpolymerorigins.2NaturalfibresFiberisthebasicunitoffabric.Thetextilefibersmanybedividedintotwomajorgroups,name
