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1、Insulinfordiabetes(胰岛素治疗糖尿病)Insulinfordiabetes2006-12-041,indications:Type1diabetesmellitus,type1:2,type2diabeticketoacidosis,hyperosmolarcoma,andlacticacidosiswithhyperglycemia;3,severeinfection,consumptiondiseases,retinopathy,kidneydisease,neuropathy,acutemyocardialinfarctionan
2、dcerebrovascularaccident;4,becauseofconcomitantdiseasesneedsurgicaltreatmentoftheperioperativeperiod;5,pregnancyandchildbirth;Dietandoralantidiabeticdrugshavenotbeenwe11controlledinpatientswithtype6or2diabetesmellitus;7.Secondarydiabetescausedbytotalpancreatectomy;8malnutritionas
3、sociateddiabetes・Two,species:(1)classificationbysource:1,animalinsulinextractedfromporcineandbovinepancreas,boththesameefficacy,butcomparedwithhumaninsulin,porcineinsulinin1differentaminoacidsofbovineinsulinin3differentaminoacids,soitiseasytoproduceantibody.1,halfadultinsulin:pig
4、insulinthirtiethalanine,replacedwithhumaninsulinthesamethreonine,thatis,halfadultinsulin・2,Biosynthesisofhumaninsulin:ahighlypurifiedbiosynthetichumaninsulinobtainedbybiotechnology,whoseaminoacidsequenceandbiologicalactivityareidenticalwiththoseofthehumanbodyitself・(two)classific
5、ationaccordingtoefficacy,timeandlength;1,ultrashorteffect:15minutesafterinjection,thepeakconcentrationof1--2hours・2,shortacting(quick):30minutesafterinjection,thepeakconcentrationof2--4hours,lasting5--8hours・Includes:regular(regular)insulin(regular,insulin);zinccrystallineinsulin
6、(crystalline,zincinsulin);semislowinsulinzincsuspension(semilente,insulin).3,mediumeffect(lowprotaminezinc,insulin):2--4hoursafterinjectiononset,peakconcentrationof6--12hours,lasting24--28hours・Theseinclude:slowinsulinzincsuspension(lente,insulin);neutralprotaminezincinsulin(neut
7、ral,protamine,Hagedorn,NPH)・4,longacting(protaminezinc,insulin):4--6hoursafterinjectiononset,thepeakconcentrationof4--20hours,for24--36hours・Insulinzincsuspension(ultralente,insulin);protaminezincinsulin(protamine,zinc,insulin).1,premixing:theshorteffectandtheeffectofpremixing,ca
8、nbeinjectedatonce,andtheonsetoffast(30mi
