水利水电专业英语论文--英文对照及翻译.doc

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1、水利水电专业英语论文一英文对照及翻译EnglishforhydraulicandhydroelectricengineeringEarthandrockdamSummaryEarthandrockdam,withanothernameas"localmaterialdamzismainlybuiltwithearthandrockmaterialsnearthesite.Itcanbeclassifiedbasedonthematerialsitused,earthdammainlywithearth,sand,grit,andgravel,andro

2、ckdammainlywithrockballast,gravel,andexplodedrocks.FeaturesofearthandrockdamStrongpointsWithconvenientsupplyofmaterials,manybuildingmaterialssuchassteel,cement,andtimberscanbesaved.Withgranularstructuremoresuitabletofoundstiondeformation,itdemandslessonthefouridation.Veryflexible

3、fromsimpleartificialfillingtohighlymochanizodconstruction,theprocedurebecomesimple,theconstructionbecomeefficient,andthequalityguaranteebecomeeasy.Simplystructured,thecostislow,theoperationisconvenient,worksisreliable,andmaintenanceandheightaddingisconvient.WeakpointsOverflownota

4、llowed,spillwayhastobebuilt・Diversionlessconvenient,costincreases.Sectionlarger,earthtobefillediseasytobeaffectedbyclimate・Thiskindofdifficultmeanspossibleextentionoftimelimitandcostincrease概述土石坝又称“当地材料坝”，主耍由坝址附近的土石料填筑而成，根据坝体所用材料不同又对分为土坝和堆石坝。坝体材料以当地土料和砂、砂砾、卵砾为主的称土坝，以石渣、卵石、爆破石料为主的

5、称堆石坝。土石坝的特点优点筑坝材料就地取材。对节省人量钢材、水泥、木材等建筑材料。适应地基变形能力强。土石坝散粒体结构具有适应地基变形的良好条件，对地基的要求比混凝十•坝低。施工方法选择灵活性大。能适应不同的施工方法，从简单的人工填筑到高度机械化施工都可以；且工序简单、施工速度快，质量也易保证。结构简单。造价低廉、运行管理方便、工作"J靠，便于维修加高。缺点坝顶不能溢流，常须另开溢洪道施工。导流不如混凝土坝方便，因而相应增加了工程造价坝体断面人，土料填筑的质量易受气候影响。这给施工带来困难，其至延长工期、增加造价。1Englishforhydraulic

6、andhydroelectricengineeringEarthandrockdamtypesBasedonconstructingways,earthQndrockdamscanboclassifiedintorolledonesofearth&rock,thrownrock-filledones,rock-filledoneswithdirectiormldetonation,oneswithearththrownintothewater,andonesfi11edbyhydrau1icforces.Amongthem,rolledonesaremo

7、stpopular.Basedontheearthproportionandthelocationofanti-seepageparts,therearehomogeneous(even-granular)dams,zonedearthdams,anddamswithartificialanti-seepagematerials.Strongpointsofhomogeneousdams:onefoldmaterials,simpleprocessweakpoints:flatgradient,largesection,weatherlimited,s

8、trongwaterpressureinholes・Zoneddamsarecl