冠状病毒Coronavirusl论文-2002 A Practical Guide to Clinical Virology __ Rhinoviruses and Coronaviruses.pdf

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1、APracticalGuidetoClinicalVirology.EditedbyL.R.Haaheim,J.R.PattisonandR.J.WhitleyCopyright2002JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.ISBNs:0-470-84429-9(HB);0-471-95097-1(PB)MIGHTASWELLTAKESOMETHINGENJOYABLE9.RHINOVIRUSESANDCORONAVIRUSESLat.rhinus¼nose;Ger.Erka¨ltung;Fr.rhuˆme¼commoncold.I.Ø

2、rstavikRhinovirusesarethemostfrequentcauseofcommoncolds.Allagegroupsareaffected.Infectionsareendemicwithhigherfrequenciesduringautumnandspringintemperateclimates.TRANSMISSION/INCUBATIONPERIOD/CLINICALFEATURESThecommoncoldisspreadbyclosecontactandbyinhalationofvirus-contai

3、ningdroplets.Theincubationperiodis2–4days,andapersonisprobablyinfectiousfrom1daypostinfectionandaslongasthereareclinicalsymptoms.SYMPTOMSANDSIGNSSystemic:NoneorLow-GradeFever,HeadacheLocal:Coryza,Sneezing,SoreThroat,Cough,HoarsenessInuncomplicatedcasestheillnessusuallylas

4、tsfor1week,withmaximalsymptomsondays2and3.COMPLICATIONSSecondarybacterialinfectionsmayoccur(sinusitis,otitismedia).Rhinovirusinfectionsmayprecipitateacuteasthmainpredisposedchildren,andmayaggravatechronicbronchitisinadults.THERAPYANDPROPHYLAXISNospecifictherapyorprophylaxi

5、sisavailable.61LABORATORYDIAGNOSISDuringacuteillnesstheviruscanbeisolatedfromthenose,thethroatandsputum.Specialcellculturetechniquesareneededforvirusisolationandtheseareperformedinveryfewviruslaboratories.Serologicaldiagnosisisnotroutinelyusedeither,becauseofthemanyseroty

6、pes.Figure9.1RHINOVIRUS(THECOMMONCOLD)62CLINICALFEATURESSYMPTOMSANDSIGNSAfteranincubationperiodof2–4days,theillnessstartswithsymptomsofnasalcongestion/blockageandirritation,sneezingandasorethroat.Excessnasalsecretionfollowswhichisserousatfirstandlaterbecomespurulentifsecon

7、darybacterialinfectionensues.Coughisafrequentsymptom,asisheadacheduringthefirstdaysofillness.Feveroccursseldom,andifso,itismoderate.Rhinovirusinfectioncausesthesamesymptomsinallagegroups.Theinfectionislimitedtotherespiratorytract.Ithasbeensuggestedthatrhinovirusesmaycausea

8、moreseriousinfectionofthelowerrespiratorytractinsmallchildren.Rhinovirusinfectionhasalsobeenshow