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1、LessonThreeCross-CulturalCommunicationinUSBusinessPartIObjectivesSixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences中西文化差异的6种基本模式Ageneralviewofcorporateculture公司文化概要Decodingbody-languageofNorthAmerica破解北美通用肢体语言PartIITheHow-TosIdentifytheDifferences:SixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences了解不同:
2、中西文化差异的六种基本模式1.DifferentCommunicationStyles不同的交流风格Thewaypeoplecommunicatevarieswidelybetween,andevenwithin,cultures.Oneaspectofcommunicationstyleislanguageusage.Acrosscultures,somewordsandphrasesareusedindifferentways.Forexample,evenincountriesthatsharetheEnglishlanguage,themeaningof"yes"
3、variesfrom"maybe,I’llconsiderit"to"definitelyso,"withmanyshadesinbetween.Anothermajoraspectofcommunicationstyleisthedegreeofimportancegiventonon-verbalcommunication.Non-verbalcommunicationincludesnotonlyfacialexpressionsandgestures;italsoinvolvesseatingarrangements,personaldistance,andsen
4、seoftime.Inaddition,differentnormsregardingtheappropriatedegreeofassertivenessincommunicatingcanaddtoculturalmisunderstandings.Forinstance,somewhiteAmericanstypicallyconsiderraisedvoicestobeasignthatafighthasbegun,whilesomeAsian,African,JewishandItalianAmericansoftenfeelthatanincreaseinvo
5、lumeisasignofanexcitingconversationamongfriends.Thus,somewhiteAmericansmayreactwithgreateralarmtoalouddiscussionthanwouldmembersofsomeAmericanethnicornon-whiteracialgroups.2.DifferentAttitudesTowardConflict对待冲突的不同看法Someculturesviewconflictasapositivething,whileothersviewitassomethingtobea
6、voided.IntheU.S.,conflictisnotusuallydesirable;butpeopleoftenareencouragedtodealdirectlywithconflictsthatdoarise.Infact,face-to-facemeetingscustomarilyarerecommendedasthewaytoworkthroughwhateverproblemsexist.Incontrast,inmanyEasterncountries,openconflictisexperiencedasembarrassingordemean
7、ing;asarule,differencesarebestworkedoutquietly.Awrittenexchangemightbethefavoredmeanstoaddresstheconflict.3.DifferentApproachestoCompletingTasks对待完成任务的不同方法Fromculturetoculture,therearedifferentwaysthatpeoplemovetowardcompletingtasks.Somereasonsincludedifferentaccess