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1、2012一模七选五汇编西城一模第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia,orfearofenclosedspaces,isoneofthemostcommonfears.Claustrophobiacanbedeepfearorevenpanicasaresultofbeinginasmallspace.Claustrophobiacandevelopafteratroublingchildhoodexperience(suchasbeingtrappe
2、dinasmallspaceduringachildhoodgame),orfromanotherunpleasantexperiencelateroninliferelatedtosmallspaces(suchasbeingstuckinalift)._71Thisresponsethenbecomesprogrammedinthebrain,makinganassociationbetweenbeinginatightspaceandfeelinganxiousorout-of-control.Asar
3、esult,thepersonoftendevelopsclaustrophobia.AccordingtoMarkPowers,Ph.D.,AssociateProfessorofPsychologyatSouthernMethodistUniversity,"Claustrophobiaisaspecificfearandnotatypeofpanicdisorder.Theprimaryspecificdangerforecastsforclaustrophobiaarethateithertheper
4、sonwillbetrappedorrunoutofair."72Claustrophobiasymptomscaninclude:sweating,acceleratedheartbeat,upsetstomach,passingout,light-headedness,shaking,breathingproblem,etc.Somecommonsituationscancauseanxietyinclaustrophobiasufferers.Theclaustrophobiasuffererwilll
5、ookforanexitwheninsidearoom,avoiddrivingonthehighwayormajorroadswherethereisheavytrafficwheninsideacar,avoidtakingliftswheninsideabuilding,orstandnearadoorwhenataparty.73Claustrophobiacanhaveharmfulsocialandpsychologicaleffects,sincethepatientwilloftenavoid
6、situationsinwhichshethinksshewillhaveananxietyattack,leadingtohidingandsadness.74AccordingtoDr.Powers,"Exposuretreatment,aformofmind-behavioraltreatment,usuallyresultsinatotalreductioninanxietysymptomsifconductedproperly."Floodingisatypeofexposuretreatmenti
7、nwhichthepersonisexposedtoasituationuntiltheanxietyattackpasses;alessextremeformofexposuretreatmentiscounter-conditioning.Counterconditioningincludesbehaviortreatment,asthepersonistaughtvisualizationandrelaxationtechniquesbeforebeingslowlyreintroducedtothec
8、ausesituation.75Medicationstohelptreatclaustrophobiaincludethingswhichhelptoeasetheheartpoundingoftenassociatedwithanxietyattacks.A.Thegoodnewsisthatclaustrophobiaisverytreatable.B.Thepastexperiencecan