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1、第八讲非限定动词非限定动词又叫非谓语动词,包括不定式、分词和动名词。非限定动词和限定动词的区别不同点:前者不能单独作谓语;不受主语人称和数量的限制;而限定动词的形式要和主语的人和数一致。如;Shelikestodance.Theyliketodance.可以起名词、形容词、副词的作用。如:Toseeistobelieve.Themansittingbyherismyteacher.Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,Istoodup.相似点:1.都可以带宾语。如;Heboughtaco
2、mputer.Hewantedtobuyacomputer.2.都可以由状语修饰。如;Hestudiesveryhardinthecollege.Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.3.都有语态和时态的变化。如:Hehasfinishedhishomework.(完成式)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.Theoverpasswillbebuiltthere.(被动)Thehospitalbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextm
3、onth.动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语。如:TospeakEnglishwellisn’taneasyjob.Toimproveourteachingmethodisveryimportant.Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,往往用it作形式主语,把不定式置于谓语之后。ItisimportanttomasterEnglishgrammar.2.作表语。如:Thedutyofadoctoristotreatthesick,curetheinjure
4、d,andtosavelives.Herwishistoimprovetheworkingcondition.3.作宾语。如:Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.Ican’taffordtoliveinadetachedhouse.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词AskconsiderdecidediscoverDiscussexplainfindoutforgetInquireknowlearnrememberShowtellthinkunderstandwonder等。如:Idon’tkn
5、owwhattodonext.Canyoutellmehowtodothis?不定式作宾语时,如还带有宾补,往往把不定式放在宾补之后,用it作形式宾语。如:Ifeelitdifficulttoanswerthequestion.动词不定式通常不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时例外。如:Hegavesomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.4.作复合宾语中的宾语补足语。Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Headvisedmetobu
6、yabettercomputer.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch等感官动词和使役动词let,have,make后面,复合宾语中动词不定式的标记通常被省略。动词help后的可以省去也可保留。如:Isawherenterthecinema.Wemusthavesomeonerepairthecomputer.Royhelpsthelittlegirl(to)finishherhomeworkeveryday.5.作定语:用作定语的不定式需跟在所修
7、饰的名词或代词之后。如:PearS.BuckwasthefirstAmericanwomantoreceivetheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Hisdesiretowinwasapparent.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须加相应的介词。如:Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Sheislookingforaroomtol
8、ivein.Ineedapentowritewith.但如果修饰的名词是time,place,或way,后面的介词习惯上省去。如:Hehadnoplacetolive.Youhaveonlyashorttimetodecide.That’snowaytotalk.在therebe句型中,不定式作定语时可能出现被动式,其含义与主动式基本相同。但当说话人强调的是人去做某事时,