土木工程概论电子教案英文版叶志明 CIVIL-E02.ppt

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1、土木工程概论IntroductiontoCivilEngineering第二章　土木工程材料Chapter2MaterialsforCivilEngineeringMaterialsforCivilEngineeringWhatisMaterialsofCivilEngineering?Itcoversthedevelopment,processing,evaluation,applications,andperformanceofconstructionmaterialsincivilengineering.Wid

2、evarietiesofmaterialsareusedformakingengineeringstructuresandbuildings.Itisnecessaryforanengineertohaveabasicknowledgeofthesematerialswhichareavailableeitherfromnaturalresourceormanufactured.Stones:StonesareusedinCivilEngineeringconstructionsindifferentforms.St

3、oneblocksirregularinsizecalledrubblesareusedforbuildingwalls.Smallerirregularstonesareusedforconstructingthebaseoffloorsandroads.Stonesbrokenintosmallerpiecesarecalledaggregates.Stonesrequiredinthesewaysareobtainedfromrocks.MaterialsforCivilEngineeringBricks:Co

4、mmonbuildingbricksarerectangularsolids,madeofburntclay.Theearthusedforthemanufactureofbricksshouldcontain20~30%ofclay,25~40%ofsandand25~35%ofsilt.Themanufactureofbricksinvolvesthefollowingfouroperations:PreparationofclayMouldingDryBurningMaterialsforCivilEngine

5、eringUsesofbricks:TheconstructionofwallstocarrytheloadsfromroofstothefoundationToconstructwallsforpartitioningaroomorenclosinganareaTheconstructionofgutters,drainsandarchesHollowbricksareusedforsoundandheatinsulationpurposesFirebricksareusedforinsulatingchimney

6、sandovensFacingbricksareusedforornamentalpurposesSometimes,bricksareusedforpavingoffootpathsorindustrialfloorsMaterialsforCivilEngineeringCements:Evenin100BC,Romanbuildersusedaspecialvolcanicashforcementingstones.Whenthisashwasmixedwithlimestone,burntandcombine

7、dwithwater,itbecameaverystrongcement.Thebuildersfoundthiscementwouldhardenwithwater.Hence,itwascalledHydrauliccement.MaterialsforCivilEngineeringUsesofcements:TomakecementmortarandcementconcreteWidevarietiesofpurposes——staringfromordinaryfoundationtoroofsofmult

8、istoryskyscrapersSulphateresisitingcementisusedtoprotectthefoundationsandothercomponentsincontactwiththeearthagainstthechemicalactionofsulphateinthesoilRapidhardeningcementa