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1、土木工程概论IntroductiontoCivilEngineering第六章 水利工程Chapter6HydraulicEngineeringHydraulicEngineeringWhatisHydraulicEngineering?Thedesignandmanufactureofpumpingplant,reservoirvalves,penstocks,pipelinesandsoon.Thestudypftheflowoffluids.Incivilengineeringthisconcernsmainlytheflowofwater,i.e.riv
2、ers,watersupply,dambuilding,irrigationanddrainage;andinminingtheflowofviscousdrillingfluids,orepulpsandhydraulicfilling.HydraulicEngineeringWaterusage:IrrigationHydroelectricpowergenerationStorageforfloodcontrolStorageforwatersupplyStorageofwaterfornavigationMultipurposedamDams:Theya
3、remassivestructuresbuiltforstoringwater.HydraulicEngineeringWaterresourceengineering:Waterresourcesengineeringusuallydealswiththeapplicationoffluidmechanicsprinciplestowaterflowproblems,butmayalsoincludefluidsrangingfrombloodtomagma.Engineeringhydrologyquantifiesthedistributionandmov
4、ementofwaterintheenvironment.Someproblemsencounteredinwaterresourcesengineeringinclude:floods,sedimenttransport,watersupply,waveforces,hydromechanics,andtheprotectionorrestorationofsurfaceandgroundwaterresources.HydraulicEngineeringWaterresourceengineering:Engineersinthehydraulics/hy
5、drologyareamayspendtheirtimewithappliedmathematics,laboratoryexperimentation,orfieldconstructionandtesting.Theskillsnecessaryrangefromimaginationandcommonsensetosophisticatedanalyticalandcomputermodelingability.HydraulicEngineeringClassificationasperthestructure:Damasstructurehastope
6、rformtwomajorfunctions:Withstandheavypressureofwater;Toavoidseepageofwater,throughthestructureandthroughthefoundation.HydraulicEngineeringGravitydams:itisonewhichbearsthepressureofwaterandotherexternalforcesbyitsownweightalone.Archdams:Anarchresiststhewaterthrustbyarchaction,andtrans
7、mitsthereactionforcetothetwoabutments.Embankmentdams:Itwithancorearrangementtopreventwaterpercolationisanembankmentdam.Earthendams:Theyarecheaptoconstructandrequirenoskilledlabour.HydraulicEngineeringComponentsofadam:Thefollowingaremajorcomponentsofadam:RiversluicesCanalsluicesSurplu
8、sworksDraina
