曼昆经济学原理课件第一章(英文).ppt

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1、ALecturePresentationinPowerPointtoAccompanyPrinciplesofEconomicsSecondEditionbyN.GregoryMankiwPreparedbyMarkP.Karscig,DepartmentofEconomics&Finance,CentralMissouriStateUniversity.TenPrinciplesofEconomicsChapter1Copyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrightsreserved.  Requestsforpermissiontomakecopieso

2、fanypartoftheworkshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.Economy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”Ahouseholdandaneconomyfacemanydecisions:Whowillwork?Whatgoodsandhowmanyofthemshouldbeproduce

3、d?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?SocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity......meansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.EconomicsEconomi

4、csisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Economistsstudy...Howpeoplemakedecisions.Howpeopleinteractwitheachother.Theforcesandtrendsthataffecttheeconomyasawhole.TenPrinciplesofEconomics1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.2.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.3.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.4.Peop

5、lerespondtoincentives.HowPeopleMakeDecisionsTenPrinciplesofEconomics5.Tradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.6.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.7.Governmentscansometimesimproveeconomicoutcomes.HowPeopleInteractTenPrinciplesofEconomics8.Thestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.9.

6、Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.10.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.HowtheEconomyasaWholeWorks1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch!”1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisureti

7、mev.workEfficiencyv.equityMakingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanother.1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Efficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equitymeansthebenefitsofthoseresourcesaredistribu