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1、初三英语专题(九)被动语态一、定义:被动语态强调动作的被执行者(承受者)。即句子中主语是动作(谓语)的被执行者(承受者)。而主动语态正好相反,主动语态强调动作的执行者,句子中主语是动作(谓语)的执行者。Forexample,主动语态:ManypeoplespeakEnglishintheworld.被动语态:Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.二、用法:被动语态用法口诀谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要.突出承受者或礼貌,用被动语态错不了。Forexample:Thisja
2、cketismadeofcotton.(不知道)Manytreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.(没必要)Shewasaskedtosingasongyesterday.(表突出)三、基本结构:被动语态的基本结构是:主语+谓语【be+p.p(动词的过去分词)】+(by+宾语)其他。附:各种时态中被动语态谓语结构巧记口诀:被动不离bep.p.,p.p.前面助动be主谓一致莫忘记,句中时态要留意。Am,is,are现在时,am,is,are+p.p.Was,were表过去,was,were+p.p完成
3、have/has/hadbeen,have/has/hadbeen+p.p.将来、情态be原形,will(begoingto),can,maymustshould(oughtto)+be+p.p.进行时态两个be,前表时态后加ing,be(am,is,are.was,were)+being+p.p.四、句型转换:1.改为一般疑问句,只要将主语后第一个助动词提前(注意人称或数的变化),句子后加?就可以了。回答:Yes,….No,….2.改为特殊疑问句(对画线提问),仍然是一代二提三改四问号。3.改为否定句,只要在主
4、语后第一个助动词后面加not即可(常缩写)。五、主动语态变为被动语态:1.口诀:宾语提前主语变,时态人称be关键。过去分词勿变错,原主变宾by后见。Forexample:Theoldmanoftenwaterstheflowers.→Theschoolbuiltthelibraryin1996.→Thegovernmenthasbuiltmanyroatsforpoeple.→Tomwill(isgoingto)invitemetohispartynextweek.→Weoughtto(should)takemo
5、reactiostopreventit.2.主动语态是双宾语变被动语态:一般把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,则要在be+p.p.后加to或forsbForexample:Hegavemeabookyestrday.→Iwasgivenabookbyhimyesterday.(变间宾)Abookwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.(变直宾)口诀:双宾主变被,最好变间宾。如要变直宾,bep.p.后面to(for)跟。3.含有感使类动词主动句变被动句:口诀:感使动词真奇怪
6、,to去to来令人猜。主动语态to离去,被动语态to回来。Forexample:Hemakestheworkerswork12hoursaday→Theworkersaremadetowork12hoursadaybyhim.Theywatchedherplaythepiano.→常见的感使类动词有:feel,hear,listento,see,watch,lookat,make…即:feel/hear/listento/see/watch/makesb.dosth.变被动→sb.befelt/heard/lis
7、tenedto/seen/watched/madetodosth.feel/hear/listento/see/watch/makesb.doingsth.变被动→sb.befelt/heard/listenedto/seen/watched/madedoingsth.六、主动语态表示被动意义:1.comeout,happen,takeplace…一般不用于被动句子中。Forexample:Thebookhascomeoutalready.Whathappenedtohim?Greatchangeshavetak
8、enplaceinmyhometown.2.表示开始和结束的动词:Begin,start,finish,end,open,close…,当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行这时。Forexample,Whatdoesthemeetingbegin?Thelibraryopensat9:00a.m.andclosesat5:00p.m.3.一些连系动词,look,sound,sm