Chap_01 中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝.ppt

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1、ALecturePresentationinPowerPointtoAccompanyPrinciplesofEconomicsSecondEditionbyN.GregoryMankiwPreparedbyMarkP.Karscig,DepartmentofEconomics&Finance,CentralMissouriStateUniversity.TenPrinciplesofEconomicsChapter1Copyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrightsreserved.  

2、Requestsforpermissiontomakecopiesofanypartoftheworkshouldbemailedto:PermissionsDepartment,HarcourtCollegePublishers,6277SeaHarborDrive,Orlando,Florida32887-6777.Economy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”Ahouseholdandaneconomyfa

3、cemanydecisions:Whowillwork?Whatgoodsandhowmanyofthemshouldbeproduced?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?SocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity......meansthatsoci

4、etyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.EconomicsEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Economistsstudy...Howpeoplemakedecisions.Howpeopleinteractwitheachother.Theforcesandtrendsthataffecttheeconomya

5、sawhole.TenPrinciplesofEconomicsPeoplefacetradeoffs.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.Peoplerespondtoincentives.HowPeopleMakeDecisionsTenPrinciplesofEconomicsTradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeec

6、onomicactivity.Governmentscansometimesimproveeconomicoutcomes.HowPeopleInteractTenPrinciplesofEconomicsThestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.How

7、theEconomyasaWholeWorks1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch!”1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisuretimev.workEfficiencyv.equityMakingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanothe

8、r.1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Efficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresources.Equitymeansthebenefitsofthoseresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongthememb