曼昆英文版《经济学原理》01-经济学十大原理.ppt

《曼昆英文版《经济学原理》01-经济学十大原理.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、ALecturePresentationinPowerPointtoAccompanyPrinciplesofEconomicsSecondEditionbyN.GregoryMankiwTenPrinciplesofEconomicsChapter1Economy......ThewordeconomycomesfromaGreekwordfor“onewhomanagesahousehold.”Ahouseholdandaneconomyfacemanydecisions:Whowillwork?Whatgoodsandhowm

2、anyofthemshouldbeproduced?Whatresourcesshouldbeusedinproduction?Atwhatpriceshouldthegoodsbesold?SocietyandScarceResources:Themanagementofsociety’sresourcesisimportantbecauseresourcesarescarce.Scarcity......meansthatsocietyhaslimitedresourcesandthereforecannotproduceallth

3、egoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave.EconomicsEconomicsisthestudyofhowsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.Economistsstudy...Howpeoplemakedecisions.Howpeopleinteractwitheachother.Theforcesandtrendsthataffecttheeconomyasawhole.TenPrinciplesofEconomicsPeoplefacetradeoffs.Thecosto

4、fsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Rationalpeoplethinkatthemargin.Peoplerespondtoincentives.HowPeopleMakeDecisionsTenPrinciplesofEconomicsTradecanmakeeveryonebetteroff.Marketsareusuallyagoodwaytoorganizeeconomicactivity.Governmentscansometimesimproveeconomicoutcomes.HowPeo

5、pleInteractTenPrinciplesofEconomicsThestandardoflivingdependsonacountry’sproduction.Pricesrisewhenthegovernmentprintstoomuchmoney.Societyfacesashort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.HowtheEconomyasaWholeWorks1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch

6、!”1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Togetonething,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthing.Gunsv.butterFoodv.clothingLeisuretimev.workEfficiencyv.equityMakingdecisionsrequirestradingoffonegoalagainstanother.1.Peoplefacetradeoffs.Efficiencymeanssocietygetsthemostthatitcanfromitsscarceresou

7、rces.Equitymeansthebenefitsofthoseresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongthemembersofsociety.Efficiencyv.Equity2.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Decisionsrequirecomparingcostsandbenefitsofalternatives.Whethertogotocollegeortowork?Whethertostudyorgooutonadate?Whethert

8、ogotoclassorsleepin?2.Thecostofsomethingiswhatyougiveuptogetit.Theopportunitycostofanitemiswhatyougiveu