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1、PreventionofWorkRelatedAccidentsandEmergenciesduringEarthworkEarthworkbelongstothoseconstructionworkswherepossibleaccidentsoftenresultinseriousdamagetohealth,orevendeath.Thepressureofearthonthebodyissohugethatitleadstothepressingofarteriesandveinsinthebody.Eveniftherescuedpersonis
2、relativelyunharmed,bloodorfatclotsmaybereleasedintothebodywiththeconsequencesthatbringsatalaterstage(emboli).Asearthisveryheterogeneousitisnotpossibletostatetheexactrequirementstosecureitbeforehand.Theprofessionalknowledgeandexperienceoftheforemanmustbeemphasised.Wellpreparedproje
3、ctdocumentationmaysignificantlyinfluencethesafetyofearthworkcarriedout.Preparatorywork•Technicalinfrastructureroutesmustbestaked,especiallyenergyandcommunica-tionlines,water-supplyandsewernetworks,orotherobstacles.•Layoutandsizeofgroundexcavations,methodsofexcavatingearth,securing
4、thestabilityofgroundexcavationwalls,typesofplankingandstrutting,inclinationsofslopes,etc.mustbespecified.•Ifearthworksinvolveworkunderthelevelofthesurfaceoringroundunderwater,necessaryprecautionsmustbetakenduringtheprogressofthework.•Beforethecommencementofearthworks,theheightandp
5、ositionofallnetworksorotherundergroundobstaclesmustbemarkedontheterrain.•Beforethecommencementofworks,machineoperatorsandotherpersonswhowillcarryouttheearthworksmustbeprovablyinformedoftransmissionroutes,exclusionareas,undergroundobstaclesandtheconditionsforcarryingoutearth-works.
6、•Beforethecommencementofworks,surroundingbuildingsatriskfromthegroundexcavationsmustbesecured.Executingandsecuringgroundexcavationworks•Groundexcavationsinresidentialareas,inpublicspacesandinenclosedbuildingsmustbecoveredandmustbesecuredinarequisitewayalongtheedgeswherethereisaris
7、koffallingintothegroundexcavation.•Theedgesofgroundexcavationsaresecuredwithastrongrailingontheedgeofthegroundexcavationorwithabarrier(ifanaturalorartificialbarrierisplaced150cmfromtheedgeandmarksoffordividestheareaspecifiedforthemovementofpersonsorvehiclesorpreventsmovementinanun
8、desirabledirectionitdoesnothaveto
