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1、托福阅读机经：研究婴儿感知能力的方法在对婴儿感知能力的研究屮，许多技术被应用于确定婴儿对不同刺激的反应，山于他们(婴儿)无法用言语表达或者填写问卷，所以自然观察的非宜接性技术被应用于确定婴儿看，听，感知等的要表达的木意MethodsofStudyingInfantPerceptionInthestudyofperceptualabilitiesofinfants,anumberoftechniquesareusedtodetermineinfants'responsestovariousstimuli
2、・Becausetheycannotverbalizeorfilloutquestionndires,indirecttechniquesofnaturalisticobservationareusedastheprimarymeansofdeterminingwhatinfantscansee,hear,feel,andsoforth・Eachofthesemethodscomparesaninfant'sstatepriortotheintroductionofastimuluswithitsst
3、ateduringorimmediately^followingthestimulus・Thedifferencebetweenthetwomeasuresprovidestheresearcherwithanindicationofthelevelanddurationoftheresponsetothestimulus・Eorexample,ifauniformlymovingpatternofsomesortispassedacrossthevisualfieldofaneonate(newbo
4、rn),repetitivefollowingmovemcntsoftheeyeoccur.Theoccurrenceoftheseeyemovementsprovidesevidencethatthemovingpatternisperceivedatsomelevelbythenewborn.Similarly,changesintheinfant，sgenerallevelofmotoractivity—turningthehead,blinkingtheeyes,crying,andsofor
5、th—havebeenusedbyresearchersasvisualindicatorsoftheinfant'sperceptualabilities・Suchtechniques,however,havelimitations.First,theobservationmaybeunreliableinthattwoormoreobserversmaynotagreethattheparticularresponseoccurred,ortowhatdegreeitoccurred・Second
6、,responsesaredifficulttoquantify.Oftentherapiddnddiffusemovementsoftheinfantmakeitdifficulttogetanaccuraterecordofthenumberofresponses・Thethird,andmostpotent,limitationisthatitisnotpossibletobecertainthattheinfant，sresponsewasduetothestimuluspresentedor
7、toachangefromnostimulustoastimulus・Theinfantmayberespondingtoaspectsofthestimulusdifferentthanthoseidentifiedbytheinvestigator.Therefore,whenobservationalassessmentisusedasatechniqueforstudyinginfantperceptualabilities,caremustbetakennottoovergeneralize
8、fromthedataortorelyononeortwostudiesasconclusiveevidenceofaparticularperceptualabilityoftheinfant・Observationalassessmenttechniqueshavebecomemuchmoresophisticated,reducingthelimitationsjustpresented.Filmanalysisoftheinfant'srespo
