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ID:9040530
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时间:2018-04-15
《新托福阅读机经背景知识》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、在职研究生优势http://www.yanedu.com新托福阅读机经背景知识 上篇背景知识我们主要是总结整理了考生的回忆内容,把文章的大致结构和内容架构出来了,因此在中篇和下篇中,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将重点放到一些相似的英语背景材料分析上,仔细来看看是通过怎样的实验来了解鸟类学习唱歌这个过程的。 BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION SongbirdsincludethosebirdsfromtheorderPasseriformes,commonlycalledpasserine
2、s.Thereareapproximately5,400differentspeciesofpasserines.ThesuborderOscineincludesthosebirdsthatwetendtothinkofasyourtypicalsongbird,thosebirdsthathavecomplexsongsasadults.InthemajorityofOscines,themaleistheonewiththecomplexsingingability,andthereismuch
3、diversityamongmalesofdifferentspeciesinthelengthandcomplexityoftheirsongs. Songneedstobedeveloped,justlikeanyothercharacteristicofsongbirdbehavior.Singingthecorrectsongforthatspeciesisnotaninstinctualprocess.Theneedtosingisinstinctual,howeverwhatsongto
4、singhasbeenfoundtobelearned.Whenandwhereyoungsongbirdslearntheirsongshaslongbeenstudied.Justassongbirdsdifferintheirsongs,theyalsodifferintheirsonglearningprocess,thoughsomebasicprinciplesseemtobethesame.Manyspecieslearntheirsongonlyduringthefirstfewmon
5、ths,thoughafewcanlearnsongstheirentirelives.Alsodifferingbetweenspeciesisfromwhothesongsarelearned,andhowmuchofthesongsareaccuratelyimitated. Somespeciesmayexactlycopythesongstheyareexposedto.Ontheotherhand,manywillnotexactlyimitatethesongorsongsthatth
6、eyhavebeenexposedto.Insteadtheywilltakebitsandpiecesofitandinventtheirownsong,thoughusuallysimilarinconstructiontothatwhichthespeciesnormallysings. 重点词汇: Passerine:雀形目的,雀形鸟 Oscine:鸣禽类的,鸣禽类的鸟 Instinctual:本能的 Principles:原则 Imitate:模仿,效仿 exposedto:曝
7、露于,公开揭露 bitsandpieces:曲子的部分调子或小节中国在职研究生网提供www.yanedu.com在职研究生优势http://www.yanedu.com 点拨迷津: 重点内容是在第二段和第三段,告诉我们鸣禽类唱歌是一种本能,但是如何去学会唱歌的是实验所要研究的问题。虽然每种不同的鸣禽有不同的学习过程,但是有一些基本的原则是相同的,例如大部分的鸟都是在出生的前几个月学习唱歌。另外一个要关注的问题就是鸟类是不是准确地模仿到了自己所听到的歌声。 TheBasicFeaturesofS
8、ongLearning Ninemalessongsparrowswerecollectedfromthewildfromfourdifferentbroodswhentheywerearound4to6daysold.Theywereraisedbypeopleuntiltheywereweanedat33to35daysoldandthenwereplacedintoindividualwire-meshcages.Livetutorswereus
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