中级宏观经济学及财务管理知识分析.ppt

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1、Chapter8TheInstrumentsofTradePolicyPreparedbyIordanisPetsasToAccompanyInternationalEconomics:TheoryandPolicy,SixthEditionbyPaulR.KrugmanandMauriceObstfeldCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.1IntroductionBasicTariffAnalysisCostsandBenefitsofaTariffOtherI

2、nstrumentsofTradePolicyTheEffectsofTradePolicy:ASummarySummaryAppendixI:TariffAnalysisinGeneralEquilibriumAppendixII:TariffsandImportQuotasinthePresenceofMonopolyChapterOrganizationCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.2IntroductionThischapterisfocusedont

3、hefollowingquestions:Whataretheeffectsofvarioustradepolicyinstruments?Whowillbenefitandwhowilllosefromthesetradepolicyinstruments?Whatarethecostsandbenefitsofprotection?Willthebenefitsoutweighthecosts?Whatshouldanation’stradepolicybe?Forexample,shouldt

4、heUnitedStatesuseatarifforanimportquotatoprotectitsautomobileindustryagainstcompetitionfromJapanandSouthKorea?Copyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.3ClassificationofCommercialPolicyInstrumentsIntroductionCommercialPolicyInstrumentsTradeContractionTradeExp

5、ansionTariffExporttaxImportquotaVoluntaryExportRestraint(VER)ImportsubsidyExportsubsidyVoluntaryImportExpansion(VIE)PriceQuantityPriceQuantityCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.4BasicTariffAnalysisTariffscanbeclassifiedas:SpecifictariffsTaxesthatarelev

6、iedasafixedchargeforeachunitofgoodsimportedExample:Aspecifictariffof$10oneachimportedbicyclewithaninternationalpriceof$100meansthatcustomsofficialscollectthefixedsumof$10.AdvaloremtariffsTaxesthatareleviedasafractionofthevalueoftheimportedgoodsExample:

7、A20%advaloremtariffonbicyclesgeneratesa$20paymentoneach$100importedbicycle.Copyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.5Acompoundduty(tariff)isacombinationofanadvaloremandaspecifictariff.Moderngovernmentsusuallyprefertoprotectdomesticindustriesthroughavarietyof

8、nontariffbarriers,suchas:ImportquotasLimitthequantityofimportsExportrestraintsLimitthequantityofexportsBasicTariffAnalysisCopyright©2003PearsonEducation,Inc.6Supply,Demand,andTradeinaSingleIndustrySupposethattherearetwocountries(Homeand