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1、研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(八)及参考答案PartIIIReadingComprehension1Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltests,thatarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employees,andmilitarypersonnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andeveninCongress.Thetargetis
2、wrong,forfinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedcondition.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleading
3、dependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskilla
4、ndwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredicationsarealwayssubjecttoerror.Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhataperso
5、nhaslearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesandshortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheempiricalevidenceconcerningcom
6、parativevalidity,anduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthetraitsorqualitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefined(forexample,abilitytodowellinaparticularcourseoftrainingprogram)andleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewell
7、defined(forexample,personalityorcreativity).Properlyused,theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized.51.Whatistheessenceofthispassage?A.Allthestandardizedtests,thoughwidelyused,aref
8、orthemostpartmislea
