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1、研究生入学考试英语模拟试题(八)及参考答案PartIIIReadingComprehension1Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltests,thatarewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,assigning,orpromotingstudents,employees,andmilitarypersonnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andeveninCongr
2、ess.Thetargetiswrong,forfinattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedcondition.Whethertheresultswillbevaluabl
3、e,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappr
4、opriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredicationsarealwayssubjecttoerror.Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquick,o
5、bjectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonhaslearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesandshortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothin
6、aparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheempiricalevidenceconcerningcomparativevalidity,anduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthetraitsorqualitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefined(forexample,abilitytodowellinaparticul
7、arcourseoftrainingprogram)andleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined(forexample,personalityorcreativity).Properlyused,theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnot
8、beenpreviouslyrecognized.51.Whatistheessenceofthispassage?A.Allthestandardizedtests,thoughwidelyused,areforthemostpartmislea
