评斯金纳《言语行为》.ppt

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1、ReviewVerbalBehaviorbyB.F.Skinner评斯金纳著《言语行为》陶强2016.10.11Structureofthearticle文章结构Thereare11partsinthearticle1.thegeneralproblem2.theexperimentalcontext3~4thebasicconceptsofstimulus,responseandreinforcement5.thestatusofthefundamentalclaim6~10thenewdescriptivemachineryforthedescriptionofverbalbehavi

2、or11.somewaysinclarifyingtheproblemsofSkinner'sstudy1.ThegeneralproblemThemaincontenttowhichSkineer'sbookisaddressedisthatofgivinga“functionalanalysis”ofverbalbehavior.Here,skinnermeansidentificationofthevariablesthatcontrolone'sbehaviorandspecificationofhowtheyinteracttodetermineaparticularverbal

3、behavior.Whatisverbal—behaviortheory？1.ThegeneralproblemSkinner'sanalysisoflanguageincludesinformationonthereinforcementandpunishmentoflanguageandtheimportantaspectsofstimuluscontrolandmotivationthatimpactlanguagedevelopment.Skinner'sthesisisthatexternalfactorsconsistingofpresentstimulationandtheh

4、istoryofreinforcementareofoverwhelmingimportance.1.ThegeneralproblemHowever,Chomskybelievesthatverbalbehaviorismuchmorecomplicated.verbalbehaviorexternalfactorsinternalfactors2.Theexperimentalcontextreinforcingeventoccasion2.TheexperimentalcontextAretheythesame?Thenotionof“stimulus”,“response”,“re

5、inforcement”arerelativelywelldefinedwithrsepecttothebar-pressingexperimentsandotherssimilarlyrestricted.Butifweextendthesetermstoreal-lifebehavior,certaindifficultiesmustbefaced.(What?)2.TheexperimentalcontextInthefirstplace,whetheranyphysicaleventtowhichtheorganism(生物机体)iscapableofreactingistobec

6、alledastimulus(刺激)onagivenaccasion(契机)oronlyonetowhichtheorganisminfactreacts？Inthesecondplace，whetheranypartofbehavioristobecalledaresponse，oronlyoneconnectedwithstimuliinlawfulway？behaviorhasnotbeendemonstratedtobelawful(有规律的)fortheotherfactorssuchasattention,set,volitionandcapricealsohaveanover

7、whelminginfluence.behaviorislawful，butitisoflimitedsignificanceformostofwhatanimaldoeswillnotsimplybeconsideredbehavior.2.theexperimentalcontextChomskyarguesthatSkinnerutlizestheexperimentalresultsasevidenceforth